The Birth Mark Is Considered By The Best Stories Of...

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Birth-Mark is considered to be one of the best stories of American history, which shows the gender roles in the society and the inequality that women have to deal with on a day-to-day basis because of the limitations set on them by the society. The main focus of the story is the relationship between Aylmer, a scientist who is well known across Europe for his achievements in the field, and his wife Georgina. Aylmer considered Georgina to be perfect in every single perspective when they met. He thought he was so lucky to have her as wife. It shows how little important people placed the behavior of an individual and shows the high level of importance that placed women in the society at the time (Lupri, 47). Unfortunately, this is a trend that has continued even today where there is such a high value placed on the need for physical perfection among women leading women to go to such extreme measures to achieve this perfection. The book was written at the time when women were viewed to be lower than men. The main role of a woman in the society at that time was to cater to the needs of her husband, take care of their home and children. The man was considered as the head of the household, and he made all the decisions concerning what he expected to do at home and how he expected his wife to conduct herself, look, and behave. Through her life, Georgina had always felt pretty special because of the birthmark that she had. Even when her husband mentionsShow MoreRelatedThe Puritan Effect1703 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne is respected as â€Å"one of the great masters of American Fiction† (â€Å"Hawthorne, Nathaniel† 363). He is an accomplished author who wrote novels as well as children’s literature. However, Hawthorne’s strength is American short story; his â€Å"haunting† tales are undeniably responsible for establishing this genre as a â€Å"significant art formà ¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne† Columbia 1). He is known for his â€Å"penetrating explorations† of the conflicts within one’s conscience and the consequences thatRead MoreAndrew Jackson : Conqueror Of Florida1489 Words   |  6 Pagesnineteenth century where an American general took siege of Florida, a Spanish territory by then. Andrew Jackson was the man whose mission was to seize Florida in the year 1818 after agitations from the various attacks that were carried out by the Seminoles to the American people, the latest being the Fort Scott attack on November 21, 1817. These events and the siege is tackled in the film documentary â€Å"Andrew Jackson: Conqueror of Florida† produced by Margaret Haddad in 2003. The story in this film beginsRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1058 Words   |  5 PagesHuckleberry Finn is an american literature written by Mark Twain which has been debated on whether or not it should be banned. Huck Finn displays multiple displays of racism, slavery, and graphic situation which cause friction among critics. Which bring us to many situations of critics to come to our conclusion. For instance one critic wrote,  ¨Jim is at the mercy of white characters in the novel, most of which are morally inferior to him. Jim must follow Huck s schemes and adventures, such asRead MoreEssay about The Works of E. B. White1540 Words   |  7 Pagesranged from children books all the way to humor and knowledge about the styles of writing for adults. His ability to open up readers’ imaginations draws them in and makes them wanting more. With that, E. B. White is still considered one of the most-loved and best selling authors in history today. Elwyn Brooks White was born on July 11, 1899. As a child, White did not enjoy school much. He preferred to be outside like any other young boy (Meet E. B. White, 6). When he grew older, he attended CornellRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the American Teenager Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Tracy Davis History 118 2 November 2012 Book Review # 2 The Rise and Fall of the American Teenager Teenagers are more than capable of achieving great tasks in the future as well as causing great destruction with every skill stapled in their mind as they grow. Good and evil will determine the effects of which path a young mind its taught so that’s why parents must educated well with good intensions for a better future. The age of a teenager shows history how it transformed theRead MoreJohn C. Scott s Comparative Politics Essay1827 Words   |  8 Pagespolitics which Robert Marks attempts to contest in his book The Origins of the Modern World is one that favors European nations as the central powers in the formation of modern world as we know it today. On the other hand, James C. Scott’s approach to the study of comparative politics is state centric and it focuses more on the development of the state as the central and dominant aspect of society today. Eurocentric views see Europe as being the only active shaper of world history, its â€Å"fountainhead†Read MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1623 Words   |  7 Pages The decision to end the life of someone without their own consent has caused great disruption among Americans. Before the civil rights movement, Americans idealized the idea that abortion was ultimately prohibited due to the fact that religion predominated the beliefs of the people. Now in a rapid changing-liberal society, people are questioning if prohibiting a woman from aborting is denying her inalienable right of freedom as listed under the First Amendment. The right to abortion should be leftRead MoreThe Right And Choice Of Abortion1640 Words   |  7 PagesYonathan D Nieto Villegas Mr. Fons English 2B May 19, 2017 The Right to Life or Choice The decision to end the life of someone without their own consent has caused great disruption among Americans. Before the civil rights movement, Americans idealized the idea that abortion was ultimately prohibited due to the fact that religion predominated the beliefs of the people. Now in a rapid changing-liberal society, people are questioning if prohibiting a woman from aborting is denying her inalienable rightRead MoreSilent Spring, By Rachel Carson1711 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone who crusades for some kind of societal change. To be considered an effective activist, the individual would need to influence a transformation in the world, causing a change and reshaping a perception. Rachel Carson, best known as the author of Silent Spring, is said to be one of the most influential women in environmental history, according to her fellow authors and conservationists. Carson has been recognized worldwide in history and science books for her campaign against DDT, her work asRead MoreE ssay about Sports Born in the Victorian Era1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Celtic Tailteann Games date back to around the ninth century BCE. These games played host to the best athletes throughout the world, who competed in running, jumping, and throwing events in addition to wrestling, archery, and the greeks had swimming.. Professional track and field had no regulation, with many athletes making a living by their skill and talent. There are multiple stories of sprinters who would travel from town to town in disguise, pretending that they had no talent in racing

Analysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay - 1361 Words

INSERT TITLE HERE As readers delve into the depths of The Epic of Gilgamesh, they perceive the allure to dreams which has captivated humanity for centuries. The epic poem uses dreams as a symbolic representation of the human mind and its ceaseless bounds. Given the Mesopotamian culture’s importance in regards to their religion, dreams provide the only means of one connecting with their future and deities. Furthermore, each mental fantasy referenced within the epic delineates the rationale of all beings to act within their self-interest, a means of thinking that serves as the basis for all thoughts and feelings. All in all, The Epic of Gilgamesh portrays how the added dimension of dreams provides insight not only into ancient culture but into the nature of mankind as well. Through the course of the aforementioned poem, characters use said visions to foretell their future and gain a deeper insight into the state of their gods. For instance amidst his journey to battle Humbaba, G ilgamesh experience five dreams which provide him a potential glimpse into the future. This can be seen as Gilgamesh claims â€Å"â€Å"My friend, I had a dream: how ominous it was, how desolate, how unclear! I had taken me hold of a bull from the wild: as it clove the ground with its bellows, the clouds of dust it raised thrust deep in the sky and I, in front of it, leaned myself forward[...]†Ã¢â‚¬ (Tablet IV) The beginning of the quote depicts the fascination that Gilgamesh has with this vision as he is trying toShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Analysis1436 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh –Summary and analysis Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is an excerpt of the original text of the Epic listed in the Sources of the Western Tradition, 5th edition, by Perry, Peden and Von Laue (2003). The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of King Gilgamesh who is the powerful king of Uruk, the incidents in his life, the associations he makes, the encounters he has, and the transition that occurs in his life in relation to his gainingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a story of heroes fighting a war not in a battlefield but within their own selves and amongst each other, struggling with their own emotions and attributions to attain the best version of themselves and to fulfill the utmost quest of life. With the use of two very different yet so similar characters: Enkidu and Gilgamesh, the epic explains two aspects of same psyche, and different imageries, one of which is door, have been used in the text to explain interactions betweenRead MoreAnalysis of the Ep ic of Gilgamesh Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh The epic of Gilgamesh is the earliest primary document discovered in human history dating back to approximately 2,000 B.C.E. This document tells a story of an ancient King Gilgamesh, ruler of Sumer in 2,700 B.C.E. who is created gloriously by gods as one third man and two third god. In this epic, Gilgamesh begins his kingship as an audacious and immature ruler. Exhausted from complaints, the gods send a wild man named Enkidu to become civilized and assist GilgameshRead MoreEpic Of Gilgamesh Literary Analysis1837 Words   |  8 Pagesmortality, divinity, punishments are told through stories of individuals and societies. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian book that was written long before the Bible. A comparison of the literary elements show several similarities that lead many religious and cultural scholars, as well as historians to contend that the accounts in the Old Testaments were derived from the Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh and Bible were both written as sources o f moral messages for religious practices and guidesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a very popular epic that is difficult to understand at first, which is why there is different translations of the same book. Although Foster and Sander’s translations have a lot of similar words and the stories are basically the same, there are also a lot of differences between the two. One of which is more straightforward and easier to understand, whereas the other is more of an in depth thoughtful read for the reader. Both translations differences have their own particularRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1449 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is a bully king who frightens and annoys the people of Uruk. After the gathering with Enkidu and becoming his friend does Gilgamesh transform, into a hero worthy of history. The brotherly or â€Å"bromantic† ( considering the questionable r elationship they have) love the two have for each other helps Gilgamesh become an better leader to his people by permitting him to better understand and identify with them. Even though the myth of Gilgamesh is very ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh tells the legend of King Gilgamesh of Uruk and his adventures with the feral human Enkidu. At the beginning Gilgamesh shares a lot of similarities to Egyptian Pharaohs. He’s worshiped by his people in a way that’s almost pious and holds himself up with a certain arrogance. The only difference with Gilgamesh is he is one part deity and two parts human. Over the coarse of the Epic we see Gilgamesh’s demeanor change to a more humble one. This change can be attributed to the trialsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 738 Words   |  3 PagesBaily Broussard Mr. Guidry World History 4 December 2015 The Epic of Gilgamesh In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh terrorizes the people or Uruk. Because of this, they call out to the sky god Anu for help. Anu decides to turn to the goddess of creation, Aruru whom makes an equal for Gilgamesh. Aruru created Enkidu to be just like Gilgamesh and for them to contend together and leave Uruk in quiet. When Gilgamesh got up and went to the house of a bride waiting for the bridegroom, Enkidu stepped outRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1284 Words   |  6 PagesPerhaps one of the earliest pieces of literature, The Epic of Gilgamesh is a tale about a Mesopotamian king named Gilgamesh who crudely dominates the natural world surrounding his gleaming society. Juxtaposing Gilgamesh’s godlike stature, Enkidu is a wild beast used to counterbalance the king in a literary sense. The hierarchical dichotomy expressed in the epic has appeared thematically within numerous mediums, including the revered artwork of Jean-Michel Basquiat. Raised in the Lower East Sid e (LES)Read MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1119 Words   |  5 PagesTranslation Comparison Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh has been read and reviewed/ critiqued by numerous authors. I took the articles’ ‘Angiology in the Epic of Gilgamesh’ by Th. Jacobson, and compared it to Benjamin Fosters ‘A New edition of the Epic of Gilgamesh’ These two articles both critique the writings of The Epic of Gilgamesh but in different ways. Foster’s article is a critique on a critique that has been written about The Epic of Gilgamesh, where as Jacobson critiques the epic itself, so we are

Decorative Hierarchies Waei. Painting Essay Example For Students

Decorative Hierarchies: Waei. Painting Essay The identification of possible hierarchies in wall painting is rather more speculative, as wall plaster tends to survive in poor condition, if at all. The houses on Delos were built in stone, and the walls are often preserved to a considerable height with the plaster still attached. However, the excavators’ reconstructions above frieze level usually rely to an unknown extent on comparisons with Campanian First Style paintings; but as there are significant differences between the Masonry Style and the First Style in the treatment of the lower part of the wall, it is by no means certain that the upper zones were similar. The picture is further complicated by fallen fragments of paintings from upstairs rooms. Regional differences even within the Masonry Style mean that conclusions based on the Delian materia) may not be directly applicable to other sites. With these provisos in mind. 1 would suggest the follow ing broad framework for reading the wall decoration of the Delian hous es.K In the Masonry Style the wall is divided into rectangular panels, imitating either monumental ashlar masonry, or luxurious panelling in coloured stone veneers; in either case, the intention is presumably to allude to the prestigious interiors of public buildings.9 The standard scheme on Delos (FIG. 5) consists of a low continuous plinth, 20-40 cm high, above which is a row of tall orthostats, 80 120 cm high, surmounted by a frieze; above the frieze are several courses of blocks, each prrhaps 40-50 cm high, and crowning the whole is a cornice, with a fiat zone above. In its most basic form, this scheme is marked out 011 a flat, while plaster surface by incised or painted lines, occasionally with the frieze picked out in red paint. However, it could be elaborated in several ways to express distinctions between rooms and areas of the house. These distinctions seem to depend on a combination of four factors: the extent of relief moulding; the number of frieze bands; the colours and motifs used; and the addition of monumental architectural forms in stucco relief. No doubt, as in the case of mosaics, the distinction was ultimately one of cost. Firstly, relief decoration might   applied to the whole wall, or only part of it. If only one zone was moulded in relief, it was usually the frieze; if two, the frieze and the orthostats, which acquired bevelled edges round the blocks; in more elaborate examples the isodomic courses above the frieze might receive the same treatment. The cornice also usually projects beyond the rest of the wall, but the zone ab ove is always left flat, as is the plinth. Secondly, extra bands could be added to the frieze, up to a maximum of four (FIG. 6). In its simplest and commonest form, the frieze consists of a single continuous band. 15 30 cm high; in relief schemes it projects from the wall, with a moulding at top and bottom (A); the upper moulding is usually a quarter-round, and the lower an ovolo or sloping fillet. Sometimes the main band is a string-course of bevelied-edge blocks (C) instead of a continuous strip. I. p to three further bands may be added: the second is most frequently a narrower continuous band below the main band and about half its width (B), or sometimes a string-course of narrow bcvclled-edge blocks (C), perhaps with a kymation moulding at top and bottom; some schemes have both of these (as in FIG. 6), and very occasionally a fourth band is added at top or bottom, usually another continuous strip. The mouldings at the transitions between the bands are painted with standard motifs derived from stone architecture: the quarter-round at the top is usually decorated with a three-strand or double guilloche, or o ccasionally interlocking scales, the lower moulding with an egg and dart, and the kymatia framing a string-course with a leaf and dart motif; a row of dentils may mark the transition from frieze to orthostats. .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 , .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .postImageUrl , .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 , .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:hover , .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:visited , .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:active { border:0!important; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:active , .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451 .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c33b58211adf617053cf4ed8c008451:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bamboo Crafts of North-east India EssayThirdly, extra colours and decorative motifs could be introduced in addition to the basic white. The range of colours in the Delian paintings is limited: white is by far the commonest, followed by red, black, yellow, and, in much smaller quantities, green and blue. It is probably reasonable to assume that this reflects the relative c ost of the pigments, especially as the rarer   colours tend to occur most often in the prestigious (and relatively narrow frieze zone.10 Certain colours seem to have been considered especially suitable for particular zones of the wall. The plinth is most frequently red. The orthostats arc often black, s ometimes with coloured edges, but it is unusual to find large expanses of black above this zone. The continuous frieze or the blocks, of a string-course arc often red, sometimes yellow, and occasionally green or alternately green and yellow; green is very rarely found in any other zone. The courses of blocks above the frieze are usually white or red, occasionally yellow, and sometimes have contrasting coloured edges. The cornice is white, and the zone above light blue; blue is otherwise found only in niches and for the background in decorated friezes. As a more elaborate alternative to solid blocks of colour, some parts of the w-all may be painted in imitation of veined or flecked marble, which must have added an exotic and luxurious air. It was no doubt more labour-intensive and thus more expensive, and accordingly it tends to appear most often in the frieze zone, where only a relatively small area needed to be covered; it is unusual, and presumably particularly luxurious, for the large expanse of the orthostats to k marbled, and only a very few decorations have more than one zone of marbling; it rarely appears higher than the frieze. The frieze, being roughly at eye level, is the focus of the decoration, and is the only zone whic h offers scope for any kind of decoration beyond the imitation of stonework. It is therefore the most significant area in which distinctions of status could he expressed. Simple monochrome hands and alternating coloured panels are the most common frieze decorations, followed by imitation marbling. Where there is a narrow secondary hand (B), it is almost invariably decorated with a painted swastika meander and boxes, often shown in perspective. Vegetal and figured decoration is much more unusual: the most common type is a garland of leaves and fruit entwined with coloured ribbons: less common are imaginary plant scrolls, which may he peopled with tiny Erotcs. Friezes of figures are rare, and most consist of repetitive motifs, such as Nikai driving chariots: a very- few examples depict battles or a series of scenes from mythology or drama. I would suggest that this order reflects the relat ive prestige of the motifs. Their rarity seems to coincide with their complexity and degree of indiv idualization: the more stereotyped friezes, of garlands, plants or repeated figures, are commoner than those consisting of individual scenes, which must have required more planning and skill, and were presumably more expensive. A few exceptionally lavish decorations had both a figured and a floral band. Finally, the prestige of a room could lie enhanced by the addition of architectural details in stucco relief. These are rare, and are usually confined to the upper part of the walls, probably for practical reasons, as they must have been rather fragile. The most common elaboration was to replace the cornice moulding with a full entablature, usually Doric; the metopes might be decorated with rosettes or heads in relief, or occasionally painted with figures. In a few cases, the entablature was supported hv stucco pilasters resting on a small cornice about two- thirds of the way up the wall (FIG. 15). There might also be niches in the walls, framed by small stucco columns and topped by an entablature or pediment. Such decoration must have been prized not only because of the obvious expense of creating it, hut also because it evoked prestigious associations with monumental public architecture. These four elements could be varied in an infinite numlier of combinations, allowing the decoration of each room to be precisely adapted to its function or relative importance. Wall painting had become much more elaborate since the Classical period: at Olynthos, for example, most of the wall plaster is flat and monochrome, with divisions indicated in paint or incision: relief decoration is very unusual, and only one house yielded a decorated frieze. By the second century, the flat decoration which was usual at Olynthos was found only in rooms of secondary importance; there had clearly been a process of inflation at work, which had the effect of widening the range of available possibilities, and hence the range of distinctions that could Ik expressed in the decoration.

Power And Glory Essays - The Power And The Glory, Whisky Priest

Power and Glory I- introduction II- Setting A. How setting shows the main theme 1. the jail scene 2. the traveling scenes III- Symbolism A. How symbolism shows the main theme 1. liquor B. How characters show symbolism 1. a quote IV - Characters A. How characters show the main theme 1. The lieutenant 2. Brigitta 3. The mestizo B. Minor characters 1. Mr. and Mrs. Fellow, Mr. Tench 2. Towns people V - Theme A. What makes up the main theme 1. Setting 2. Characters 3. Symbolism B. A quote from a book VI - Conclusion In the novel "The Power and the Glory", Graham Greene uses the elements of fiction to show a main theme. Some of the elements he uses are them, characters, symbolism, and setting. The way Greene uses these elements to show a main theme for his novel, is very good. The elements come together to show the theme, which is pity. Pity for a fellow human being. Setting is a major element of fiction. The setting of a piece of literature can set the mood of the scene. Setting, can also make the reader feel a certain way. Some of the scenes in "The Power and the Glory" evoke certain feelings in the reader. In the scene when the whiskey priest was put the crowded jail, for having liquor on him, Greene makes the scene so horrible that you can't help but feel sorry for the priest. As Kenneth Allott said, "The crowded unseen figures in the dark seem like shapes from a Dore hell."(182). In the scenes when the priest is traveling from town to town, the setting is very rough. Through dense forests and complete darkness, he travels and again, the reader feels pity for someone he doesn't know but feels connected to because of being human. As Kenneth Allott said, "There is a blanketing sense of cruelty's omnipresence ... and very frequently this mood is symbolized by a peculiar background of squalor ..."(15). Some critics think that the novel is "a melodramatic thriller about a policeman chasing a priest, romanticized by its religious significance and its exotic Mexican setting."(Pryce-Jones, 58). Another important element of fiction is symbolism. Symbolism in a novel can bring some insight to what its theme might be. A lot of the characters, atmospheres, and objects contain symbolism in the novel. The liquor that the priest is drinking is highly symbolic. It is a symbol of how the priest pities himself. He feels his life is not worth much, so he drinks. He makes himself feel worthless. Neil McEwan said, " The novel firmly connects the consolations of alcohol and religion... those who need to suppress both have cut themselves off from suffering."(59). That statement shows the priests pity on himself. Another symbol in the novel is the scene in the jail. This is a symbol of the priests lose of faith. He feels as if his life has no more meaning and he might as well give up. Characters are also symbolic in the book. As Allott said, "There is a sense in which other characters in the book can be regarded as symbols..."(174). A novel wouldn't be complete without characters. And, characters in "The Power and the Glory" play an important role to evoke pity for the priest. First is the Lieutenant, whose relentless pursuit of the priest makes you pity him. The lieutenant even starts to kill innocent people in hopes to find the priest. You can not help but feel sorry for the priest because of the lieutenant. Another character in the novel is Brigitta. Brigitta is the child of the priest, who obviously is illegitimate. The priest wants badly to love the child, but he can't. He is caught between his child and the sin he has committed. She also,... "Stands for the early corruption of innocence."(Alott, 174). This alone makes us pity the poor whiskey priest. Another character in the novel is the mestizo. The mestizo, who follows the priest to turn him in for a reward and then to get him to bless a dying criminal, represents a ... "Judas figure..."(McEwan, 92). We pity the priest even more because the mestizo is after him just like the lieutenant does. He represents "...evil and treachery..."(Alott,174). Some small characters play an important role in the novel. The people in the towns, who have rejected the priest in fear of being killed, makes us pity the priest because of their acts of rejection. Mr. Fench, Mr. Fellows, and Mrs.Fellows, all show

A Beginners Guide to Yoga essays

A Beginners Guide to Yoga essays Increasing back pain, raging stress, the onset of a migraine . . .who hasnt experienced some or all of these sensations at some time? Finding a cure for these discomforts would immortalize their discoverer and virtually ensure sainthood. Although not a panacea, yoga is a near cure-all for achieving relaxation and inner peace. Yoga, which means union or balance (1), dates back further than 2,500 years ago to the sacred Hindu religion. The ancient Rig-Veda (Knowledge of Praise) contains hymns created by kavi (seer-poets) able to look beyond their five senses. The hymns detail their ecstasies and insights, and form the basis of archaic Yoga (2). Devotees of Yoga today still seek these ecstasies and insights, and have various forms of Yoga to pursue to help them achieve them. Just like a flower can have many petals that extend from one stem, Yoga has many types that all share basic fundamentals. The four forms follow: 3. Raja Yoga (the science of mental control) 4. Gyana Yoga (the path of knowledge) While these forms of Yoga may appear disparate, in reality they complement each other. Raja Yoga, the science of mental control, contains three subdivisions, MantraYoga, Kundalini Yoga, and Hatha Yoga (3). All of these modes of Yoga target control of mental modifications and achieving the absolute. Hatha Yoga, the best known among them, seeks a transformation through physical purification and strengthening. The goal of Hatha Yoga is to magnify the awareness of the body and mind. Evolving from two Sanskrit words, Hatha literally consists of two planets: ha, which means sun, and tha, meaning moon. These two planets symbolize the two halves of the body and mind. Hatha Yoga aims to equalize these two halves to create a fully functioning individual. Conflict emerges, however, when one side typically overpowers the other yet is never completely liberated of its counterpart. Most people have been trained to favo...

Bivalves, the Twin-Shelled Mollusks

Bivalves, the Twin-Shelled Mollusks Bivalves are a group of mollusks that includes clams, scallops, oysters, mussels, razor shells, cockles, venus shells, borers, trough shells and many others (some of which live in the deep sea and have yet to be identified). Bivalves are the second most diverse group of mollusks, ranking only behind  gastropods in number of species. Bivalves are so named for their paired shells. The shells of a bivalve consists of  two halves, mirror images of one another, that are joined at one edge by a flexible hinge. Each half is asymmetrical and rounded, so that when its closed against its opposite number, this forms a domed space near the hinged edge of the shell that accommodates the bulk of the bivalves body and narrows towards the edge of the shell that opens. (Bear in mind that although most bivalves have paired shells, a few species either have drastically reduced shells or no shells at all.) Bivalves live in marine and freshwater habitats; the most diverse, consisting of 80 percent of all species, live in ocean habitats. These invertebrates have four different lifestyles: epifaunal, infaunal, boring and free-moving. Epifaunal bivalves attach themselves to hard surfaces and remain in the same spot for their entire lives. Epifaunal bivalves, such as oysters, adhere to surfaces using either cementation or byssal threads (sticky chitinous threads secreted by a gland in the foot). Infaunal bivalves bury themselves in sand or sediment on the seafloor or in riverbeds; they have thin, soft shells armed with hard tips, and they bore into solid surfaces such as wood or rock. Free-moving bivalves, such as scallops, use their muscular single feet to dig into sand and soft sediments; they can also move through the water by opening and closing their valves. Most bivalves have a pair of large gills  located in their mantle cavity. These gills enable the bivalves both to extract oxygen from the water (in order to breathe) and to capture food; water rich in oxygen and microorganisms is drawn into the mantle cavity and washes through the gills. In species that burrow, a long siphon extends to the surface to take in water; mucus on the gills helps capture food and cilia transfer the food particles to the mouth.    Bivalves have mouths, hearts, intestine, gills, stomachs and siphons, but do not have heads, radulae or jaws. These mollusks possess abductor muscles that, when contracted, hold the two halves of their shells closed. Bivalves are also equipped with a muscular foot, which in many species, such as clams, is used to anchor their bodies to the substrate or to dig down into the sand. The bivalve fossils  date back to the Early Cambrian period.  During the ensuing Ordovician, bivalves diversified in terms of both number of species and the variety of ecological niches occupied. Species Diversity Approximately 9,200 species Classification Bivalves are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Mollusks Bivalves Bivalves are divided into the following taxonomic groups: ProtobranchiaPteriomorpha - This group includes animals such as scallops, oysters, pearl oysters, mussels, arcs and various other familiesAnomalodesmataRostroconchiaHeterodontaPalaeoheterodonta Edited on February 10, 2017 by Bob Strauss

Digital technologhy plays a key role in eduction Essay

Digital technologhy plays a key role in eduction - Essay Example It is also argued that digital technology has the potential to support socio-cultural forms of not only ‘situated learning’, but also the associated perception of ‘communities of practice’ (Selwyn 2014). Some educators also argue that digital technology has the potential to support ‘progressive’ which are non-authoritarian forms of engagement in education. The progressive educational engagement include child-centred learning as well as open forms of teaching which advocates meaning making and interpretation in addition to encouraging learner autonomy as well as dispersal of power. Educational technologies are also believed to play a significant role in not only improving, but also transforming schooling (Gouseti 2014). It has the potential to transform â€Å"teaching and learning into an engaging and active process connected to real life† (Gouseti 2014, p. 37). Digital technology also prepares learners for future workplace. Despite digital technology being associated with many contributions to education, it is also evident that it can result to displacement of educational institutions. Digital technology cans also lead to the displacement of teachers in schools. Additionally, it is argued that the use of digital technology can result to partial reconfiguration of educational institutions (Selwyn 2011). Students also use digital technology inappropriately in school environments. However, it is good to know the integral role of a teacher in education as well as learning whether in technology-based or not in order to ascertain if technology use in education will lead to displacement of the teacher. Additionally, I think it is good for one to know more about ‘blended learning’. Understanding this will enable one associate role of the educational institution with use of digital technology. Armstrong, J 2014, BC High Students Punished For

Problems in our life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problems in our life - Essay Example All the people face problems in their lives. For most of them, we quickly reach a solution and get out of them without having much trouble. We either reach a strategy or a quick solution that we may have tried in past. Howe ever, many problems become more difficult and vigorous when there exist no clear solutions and the strategies that we may have tried in the past do not work any longer (Anxiety BC, 2012). In return, such problems may become a cause of great anxiety and stress and may also need different and new strategies to be formulated. It is said by Bob Maynard says, â€Å"Problems are opportunities in disguise.† and this quote applies to almost all kinds of challenges and problems occurring in our lives. If we approach them with the attitude quoted by Maynard, we will discover the same problems becoming the opportunities for the learning of ourselves about us and others. In this manner, we can lead more fulfilling and happier lives even in the presence of such problems . Sorrows, happiness, defeat, victory and various such dynamics are the several aspects of life. In teh same ways, many emotions such as pleasure, success, and comfort are actually punctuated by problems such as defeat, misery, and failures. Thus, struggle and compromises are the primary tools to live a challenging yet winning life. In my viewpoint, teh problems of life can be easily categorized into personal, professional and social problems. Personal problems pertain to the challenges, mishaps, misunderstandings and other incidents taking place in the personal lives of individuals. Professional problems can take the shape of such happenings that take place at workplace or jobs; while, the social problems are those tensions that occur within a group of friends, peers and in social gatherings. All these problems, though take up a major part and significant

Capstone Project Essay Example for Free

Capstone Project Essay There is no more need to fight crowds, find a parking spot, and deal with traffic. The high street and mail order systems still have a place in the mix of purchase routes; however it is no longer the only method of making purchases. The Internet revolution has seen a massive increase in the long distance purchases made by consumers, as geographical barriers are no longer as important as they were. The lack of geographical importance has influenced the strategy of Internet companies. One of the first companies that took advantage of this was the online bookshop Amazon. om. Amazon. com is an organization that offers a broad range of services to consumers and is considered an online leader of pure-plays pure online merchants. Amazon. com was founded in July of 1995 with a mission to fully utilize the Internet to make book buying fast, easy, and all in all, a very enjoyable experience. They currently have 29 million customers in 160 different countries, making Amazon. com one of the leading online merchants. It is rated third in business-to-consumer online revenue as of June 20, 2000. Amazon. com represents the ideal e-Commerce company. It was one of the first to demonstrate the potential for virtual upstarts and turned the market on end even leading the bricks and mortar companies. Analyze the company’s mission and vision statements against the performance of the organization. Then, evaluate how well the company lives out its mission and vision statement. Provide support from the organization’s performance in your evaluation. Amazon’s company mission and vision statement is to continue to offer quality products and services using the best technology available and at a reasonable price. This results in highly loyal customers, while maintaining shareholders interest and company profits in mind. We also want to expand geographically, increasing the number of customers and to keep improving our main competitive advantage infrastructure. By working hard and having fun we seek to offer the best working environment to our employees, promoting career opportunities, and to increase our responsibility towards environment and the society. (www. amazon. com). In basing that off of the performance of the company it can be concluded that they are living out their mission statement. As more retail categories get added, the opportunity will only expand Assess how the organization’s strategic goals link to the company’s mission and vision. The strategic goals of Amazon. com are very simple they work off of six basic principles which are the freely proffers products and services, the use a customer friendly interface, the company scales easily from small to large, they exploit its affiliate’s products and resources, the use existing communication systems, and finally Amazon utilizes universal behaviors and mentalities (www. arketingplan. com). Most of the marketing the Amazon does is indirect marketing where you probably will not see allot of ads for the company on billboards or during the commercial breaks of televisions shows, the company uses allot of online ploys and has very good relations with other partners they use these strengths to market themselves to a great amount of people. This goes hand in hand with their mission statement and vision which is increasing the number of customers and to keep improving our main competitive advantage, since the majority of society uses the internet for all of the business needs, this will work to the advantage of Amazon as they can link up with several of their business partners and even provide links on those pages that will take a potential customer directly to the website. Amazon rarely uses the offline marketing process; they use the motto â€Å"Since most people shop online that is where they will be†. (www. arketingplan. com). Also Amazon has a convenient way for customers to make their purchase more effectively and efficiently which is part of the marketing strategy of them focusing on being customer friendly. Amazon uses a streamlined ordering process that applies the most advanced technology to allow the customers to better navigate and explore online. Amazon uses a one click option once you have everything that you need, you place them in your basket and you pay for everything all at once without having to do multiple orders which make it convenient for the customers. Analyze the company’s financial performance to determine the link between the company’s strategic goals, strategy, and its financial performance. Detail your findings. One of the main strategic goals that Amazon has set with the company is offer quality products that bring in profits that sentiment is identified in the mission and vision statement and over time this company has been able to maximize their profits and minimize their expenses through the North American market as well as the international market as well. The earnings statement shows that Amazon has found a way to have increased sales performance through both of their selling markets. The North America segment consists of amounts earned from retail sales of consumer products (including from sellers) and subscriptions through North America-focused websites such as www. amazon. com and www. amazon. ca and include amounts earned from AWS. This segment includes export sales from www. amazon. com and www. amazon. ca. The International segment consists of amounts earned from retail sales of consumer products (including from sellers) and subscriptions through internationally focused locations.

Oregon Trail :: essays research papers

Oregon Trail Overland pioneer route to the northwestern United States. About 3200 km, about 2000 mi long, the trail extended from Independence, Missouri, to the Columbia River in Oregon. Part of the route followed the Platte River for 870 km (540 mi) through what is now Nebraska to Fort Laramie in present-day Wyoming. The trail continued along the North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to South Pass in the Wind River Range of the Rocky Mountains. From there the main trail went south to Fort Bridger, Wyoming, before turning into the Bear River valley and north to Fort Hall in present-day Idaho. In Idaho the Oregon Trail followed the Snake River to the Salmon Falls and then went north past Fort Boise (now Boise). The route entered what is now Oregon, passed through the Grande Ronde River valley, crossed the Blue Mountains and followed the Umatilla River to the Columbia River. Shorter and more direct routes were developed along some parts of the trail, but they were often more difficult. Originally, like many other main routes in the United States, sections of the Oregon Trail had been used by the Native Americans and trappers. As early as 1742, part of the trail in Wyoming had been blazed by the Canadian explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La VÃ ©rendrye; the Lewis and Clark Expedition, between 1804 and 1806, made more of it known. The German-American fur trader and financier John Jacob Astor, in establishing his trading posts, dispatched a party overland in 1811 to follow the trail of these explorers. Later, mountain men such as James Bridger, who founded Fort Bridger in 1843, contributed their knowledge of the trail and often acted as guides. The first emigrant wagon train, headed by the American pioneer physician Elijah White, reached Oregon in 1842.

Network Flows Case Study

As seen in the picture below: Would this work for this application? This would work. The A/C technician is required to know some type of algebra and know how to use it. Knowing this will allow him/her to graph an air flow chart. This would use an isomorphic simple graph so the same number of edges to correspond with the number vertices. This would show that the proper air flow is given from one point to the other point as quickly as possible, this allows for the air to maintain the temperature that you are looking for.Being able to maintain the same temperature would mean less time your unit will run and this saves you money on your bills. This would be a real world application; because the A/C technician has to use math on a daily basis. Example 2: In this example we will try to Stop any traffic on the water way to and from town. This can be done by placing barriers in the water way. But seeing that the river get wider as it gets further away from town, the barriers need to be place d just right to block the water way traffic. As seen in the diagram below:When placing the barriers, the first thing you want to do is figure out which points to place the barriers. This will allow the use of fewer barriers in this application. Would first start with points G, J, H, and L. This point have a shortest distance between them and would be easier to block. Then if you wanted to add more protection to the town you could place more barriers at points D, E, and F. Now in a real life application this could be used in something as the military blocking or slowing down the traffic going on and if the base.Example 3: Employers and Employees Employers Department 1 Department 2 3 4 Max # area Wanted Yes No NO # Area Needed In this example the table shows where an employer was asked to hire more employees in order to cover 100 departments with 30 different areas. Each new employee would work in areas 1, 2, and 3. The area assigned to the employee would be determined by the employer him/herself. The table above givens an example of how it will go. Then the overall question would be how the assigned areas would be split up.When it comes to converting the table above into a graph to the answer, I am at a little bit off loss. The employee numbers 1, 2, and 3 would then be converted into vertices ODL , DO, and DO and the different areas into AY , AZ and AY which is shown in the diagram below: In the diagram you have to replace the G's with Do's and the CSS with the Ass. Believe the assigned areas would be given to the employees by the employer. An employer would be assign to an employee by random. The employee would follow the employer's number through the graph.This would tart in area 1 and continue on through 3. If you have 100 employers and 30 employees they would be assigned in areas as 34, 33, and 33 this would allow all areas to be covered and the jobs completed in a timely manner. In this paper I have provided examples of networking flow charts to the best of my knowledge. This type of flow chart shows the way things can flow and the way you can block the flow of information or even water or air. You can apply this to many of different area's in life. If you can imagine it, I am sure it will work for you.

Our Town vs. Steel Magnolias Essay

To the casual observer, Our Town, the theatrical piece by Thornton Wilder, is very different from the cinematic production entitled Steel Magnolias (based on Robert Harling’s original stage play). Due to their differences in setting, characters, and mood, it can be difficult to see the obvious parallels. A more in-depth look at both pieces reveals many similarities in different areas, such as daily life, love, marriage, and death. Despite the fact that Our Town takes place between 1901 and 1913 and Steel Magnolias is set in the late 1980s, an average day in Grover’s Corners is much like one in Chinquapin. Both of these fictional cities demonstrate small-town life. On an ordinary day, in both cities, the newsboys make their morning rounds delivering the daily newspapers to the townspeople. In Chinquapin, the delivery man distributes parcels to their recipients, while the milkman in Grover’s Corners delivers his goods. A skirmish between George and Rebecca Gibbs corresponds to that of Shelby’s brothers, Jonathon and Tommy. This pair of presentational life dramas is alike in relation to love and marriage as well as daily life. Both stories, as a result of love, have wedding components. In both weddings, the grooms feel nervous about their futures. They are overcome by potential feelings of sorrow and abundant happiness. Both of the men want to see their brides on the day of the wedding, and are told that it is bad luck to do so. The parents also demonstrate â€Å"cold feet† by showing that they, too are nervous not only for their children, but also for themselves and the part of their lives that their children occupy. The final way in which these pieces are alike is the most important and profound way. It pertains to life and death, and is expressed in both instances. Both Shelby and Emily die in childbirth, and are succeeded by their husbands, parents, and one child. Though both Our Town and Steel Magnolias are alike in the aforementioned ways, this is also where they differ greatly. It is here that the â€Å"aura† or mood differs. In Our Town, the  tone is sorrowful and shows despair that Emily didn’t stop to notice things she should have. Steel Magnolias did not have what I would describe as a â€Å"happy ending,† but it does give a positive outlook with a â€Å"life goes on† message. In spite of the differences that are obvious between these performance pieces, they are undoubtedly alike in many ways. With the elements of daily life being as they are, the morning commotion and behavior of siblings, each resembling its counterpart, it is safe to say that both authors thought of the same thing when they thought of â€Å"small town life.† The substance of the stories that relate to love and marriage are also like each other, which is no surprise, because it is expected that the bride, groom, and parents are nervous when being part of such a large decision. Also the part death played had a lot to do with the lesson or message that was to be conveyed by these stories. Both of the wives dieing young and leaving behind almost all of their families, especially their children, which are an important factor in the deep-seated message from the authors, shows the value of life and abstruse value of people and nature. For Our Town this message can be simply stated as â€Å"you’ve got to love life to have life, and you’ve got to have life to love life.† Steel Magnolias moral can be expressed by saying that life should be enjoyed while it can, and when it can’t, life goes on.

Medal of Honor essays

Medal of Honor essays 1. When you hear about the Medal of Honor, do you know why it is given? Do you as a military member know what a member must go through to receive such an honor? Sadly, a lot of military members dont realize what a prestigious award this is. My intention today is to share with you what the Medal of Honor is. Also, I am going to tell you about Sgt. Maynard Smith who received a Medal of Honor in World War II, due to his bravery and loyalty to his fellow crewmembers. 2. First, I will start by giving you some background information on the Medal of Honor. In our countrys early history there were special awards voted by Congress for special contributions with the first awarded to George Washington in 1776. However, many felt that whatever actions were performed in the service on ones country to be a common duty. The Civil War changed many perceptions in that regard. Originally authorized by congress in 1861, its sometimes called the Congressional Medal of Honor. Although the proper name of the award is the Medal of Honor, it is due to the fact that it was established by an act of Congress that most erroneously refer to it as the Congressional Medal of Honor. In the 136 years that the Medal of Honor has been established a total of 3,428 medals have been awarded. Twenty of these medals have been awarded to a recipient twice. The Medal of Honor (www.af.mil/heritage) is awarded to military members, while on active duty, that have gone beyond the call of duty, and have had enough courage to risk their own lives. The Medal of Honor is a bronze, five star hanging from a bronze bar with the single word, Valor. All recommendations for this decoration must be proven incontestably for acts of bravery that are so outstanding that it is proven to be gallantry beyond the call of duty, self-sacrifice, risk of life, and will not leave ...

How to Get Your CDL in Montana and Ohio

How to Get Your CDL in Montana and Ohio If you live in Montana or Ohio, check this round up of state guidelines and see what you’ll need to do to be certified to drive safely behind the wheel of a commercial rig!  If you want to learn about earning a CDL at other states, we have put together a comprehensive guide on how to get a commercial driver’s license in every state of the country. MontanaThe following drivers must obtain a CDL:Class A CDLAny combination of vehicles with a GCWR (the loaded weight of a combination vehicle) of 26,001+ pounds, provided the GVWR(the loaded weight of a single vehicle)  of the vehicle(s) being towed is 10,000+ pounds.Class B CDLAny single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001+ poundsAny vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001+ pounds pulling a vehicle with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less.A single vehicle designed to transport 16+ passengers (including the driver), if the GVWR is 26,001+ pounds or more.Class C CDLAny vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 pounds transporting hazardous mater ials for which placarding is requiredAny vehicle transporting 16+ passengers, including the driver, with a GVWR of less than 26,001 poundsAll first-time applicants must:Pass the vision and knowledge testsPresent a valid medical examiner’s certificateFulfill all other requirements for the class of vehicle you want to driveKnowledge TestThe knowledge test features questions on Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations and state laws. If you do not pass  a knowledge or endorsement test, you must wait until the next working day to try again. A total of three attempts to pass any combination of knowledge and drive tests are allowed on each set of receipts within one year from the purchase date of the receipts.Driving TestThe driving test includes a pre-trip inspection test to make sure you can identify truck and bus operating systems and inspect them for safety.The driving test also includes tests on: (1) 90-degree alley docking; (2) straight line backing; or (3) parallel parking . The test will take at least 60 minutes and will include starting, stopping, braking, turning, observing traffic signs and signals, using vehicle controls, observing other traffic, maintaining lane positions, downgrade, railroad crossing, upgrade, downgrade stopping, upgrade stopping, bridge and underpass clearance, and general observance of traffic laws and safe driving practices for trucks or buses.If you fail  the driving test, you must wait a minimum of seven days before attempting again.OhioYou must obtain a CDL if you intend to drive:Any combination of vehicles with a GVWR of at least 26,001 pounds, as long as the towed vehicle(s) have a GVWR of at least 10,000 poundsAny single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001+ pounds, or any vehicle towing a vehicle with a GVWR of less than 10,000 lbsAny single vehicle or combination of vehicles designed to transport at least 16 passengers including the driver, or is placarded for hazardous materialsAny school bus with a GVWR of less than 26, 001 pounds designed to transport 16+ passengers including the driver.Any vehicle transporting hazardous materials for which placarding is required by federal regulations.Any single vehicle or combination of vehicles that is operated on public roads and is considered to be a commercial motor vehicle (includes cranes, drilling rigs, etc.).Obtaining a PermitYou must  be at least 18 years old, and have a valid Ohio driver’s license.  You’ll need to pass both a vision test and at least one written knowledge test before you may be given a permit package. A general written test must be passed by all applicants. Additional tests will be given to those applying to drive: passenger vehicles, air brakes vehicles, combination vehicles, hazardous materials vehicles, tankers, and double or triple trailers.A  permit allows you  to drive a commercial vehicle when accompanied by a CDL holder sitting in the passenger seat.You are then eligible to take your skills test, the last step before obtaining a CDL.Skills/Road TestDrivers will be required to take this test in the class of vehicle they intend to drive. The test includes a pre-trip inspection, basic control skills maneuvering, and road skills driving tests. The applicant will be required to provide a vehicle for testing and must be accompanied by   a licensed driver for that vehicle.

Rhetorical Analysis of No Country for Old Men as a Phychological Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of No Country for Old Men as a Phychological Thriller - Essay Example The idea of killing is familiar to all of the main characters with little to no moral center. The novel is existentialist in its discussion of these crimes, creating no real moral or justice and abandoning the idea of resolution to the existence of the socio-path. He comes and he goes, creating a wake of resolutions when the lives of those he passes are ended. The resolution to his existence is not there, however, which causes many reviewers to take pause. In the Cormac McCarthy novel No Country for Old Men uses symbols of killing, innocence, and a post-apocalyptic idea of morality in which America and the wars of the later 20th century have left people flat and cold, the meaning of life lost in an existential fog. In the opening passage of No Country for Old Men, Cormac McCarthy paints a chilling picture of what it means to be a killer. The main character, Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, relates a story of someone he had arrested who had been given the death penalty for a crime that most peopl e thought to be a crime of passion. A nineteen year old boy was dating a fourteen year old girl and had killed her. When he visits, the boy tells him that he had always wanted to kill someone and he had chosen to kill her, not been driven to it by some emotion he could not control. The passage goes on to describe his confession where he admits that he liked the feeling of killing and if he could do it again, he would do it. With this anecdotal tale, McCarthy begins the journey of Bell through a psychological thriller that shifts between soulless men and innocents who do not have a clue about the evil that men will do to each other. The book can be seen as a representation of the gothic Romance thriller with a center of evil through which the rest of the action takes place in psychologically driven tension. Garret calls the moment in which the other characters face the evil in the story as the recognition scene, embedding it into the psychology of evil. In this moment, the benign cha racter sees that they are facing evil and in that moment know their fate which had not been clear to them before this point. One difference that McCarthy places in his work, however, is that the world is relatively flat and without great peaks and valleys of emotion. It is a deconstruction of the metaphysical presence that the character that represents evil, Anton Chigurh, establishes through a lack of thrill despite being a part of what should be a thriller. It is not that the novel does not thrill. What it does not do is feed the reader the emotions associated with the events in the story. Therefore, as Chigurh acts he is even more horrifying because of the dispassionate tone that is related through his series of murders. Before page ten Chigurh has killed to police officers, the first in a struggle after which he calmly does what he needs to in order to quietly escape a police station. The second is even less emotional as he simply steps outside of the car and uses his pressurize d air in which to put a hole in the head of the officer. It is clean, precise and practiced. Chigurh is a man with no soul, one very similar to the one that Bell has described after meeting with the boy before his execution – but Chugurh has no emotions about his work and barely registers curiosity at times (McCarthy 1-7). The comparison made between Moss and

Hw Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hw - Assignment Example Growth in a company creates an important, enthusiastic corporation where individuals see genuine opportunity. At the same time, the management must be careful not to solely make growth its main objective but rather should focus on profitable growth. The main responsibility of marketing is to achieve profitable growth for the company. Marketing must recognize, evaluate and select market opportunities and strategize on how to achieve things. Product-market expansion grid is one of the devices for identifying growth opportunities. There are four strategies one for each and every quadrant in the grid (Yim Hee: 76). The grid has two dimensions which are product and market dimensions. Four growth strategies can be formed from these two dimensions. They include: This is a risky strategy this is because there is inadequate scope for utilizing current expertise or realizing economies of scale especially when you are trying to sell entirely different services or products to different customers. Its main strength is that one business is unlikely to be affected incase one business suffer from adverse circumstances (Yim Hee:

Thinking Critically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thinking Critically - Essay Example This caused for falling of sales from the last three months. Sharmaji firstly identify the problem elaborately. Some problems may become the real problems that may be caused for the falling of sales. Sharmaji critically think the real problems facing in the store and the terms of urgency in the company. In accordance with Sharmaji the real performance of a business is related to the employees. The satisfaction, market trend,working experience, their interest to work are based on the performance of a business. When the marketing trends are changed, it can be motivated by the employees, the employees can find ways to succeed the problem. (University of Phoenix)(1) Sharmaji critically think the problems’ urgency and criticality. The urgent problems can be impact the store’s problems in short-term and the critical problems is that can be impact in a significant manner in the operations of the company. He understands that the sales are decreased from the past three months only this store. Any other has not the problems. Because of the competition process that the present market’s facing problem the sales become fall. For the overcome of the problem they take decision to take alternative solution to this problem.(Koontz)(2) They think to purchase another Store cooling and air-conditioned machine to the store and by this increase the sales. They discussed it with other subordinates and take the decision of purchase. They critically think that his is the only way to achieve the goal. But the legal side takes notice that the new machine has some newly furnished machine and that will cause for the air pollution. They detect the installing of the new machine. By the new machine the company can reduce the cost of electricity and this will cause for increase of the return. But the rules of Law of the companies will not allow for the installation. Sharmaji critically thinking the urgency and

Dignity Of Women And Domestic Violence

Dignity Of Women And Domestic Violence A lady was crying in the arbitrator room because her husband severely beat him yesterday, the face of the lady was swollen and her hands were injured. It was the case of Domestic violence. Dignity of women should be respected by every individual of the society, because the Women are the equal partner of the society. According to Beijing conference on women Dr Joaquin Navarro-Valls said (1995) The dignity of women is prerequisite to any recognition on the part of the State. Without a clear understanding of the meaning of human dignity, discrimination will never be avoided. But unfortunately such respect and honor could not be maintained and which resulted in an uncompromised issues such as domestic violence. It can be defined as: A continuum of behavior ranging from verbal abuse, physical and sexual assault to rape even homicide. (Department of Health DOH 2000) Domestic violence is the most serious problems that affect the health and wellbeing of the women. It ranges from single injury to life long disabilities. As Marjorie McAtee (2010) mentioned that: Domestic violence can have a number of long-term effects on the women who are often its victims. These effects can extend far beyond immediate injury. It was shocked me when my friend told the story which said lady presented in front of him. The lady told that: I got married at the age of 21 and delivered the first baby girl within the periods of 12 months. On the completion of the second year of my marriage my husband showing irresponsible attitudes towards providing finance and participating in social activities. He starts to abuse language and threaten me; day by day his attitude become worse and he disallowed me to go out even to my parent house. Im so sacred to him. One night he came very late and he was drunk, when I ask the reasons to late and drunk, he come to me and slaps me and start biting me with his belt, its now became his habit to beat , torture and abuse me, many time our neighbors came and intervene us. Im so worried about my baby because I can not give her proper time. I also feel myself unhealthy as physically and mentally. Analysis: Domestic violence is an extended phenomenon. One analysis on the basis of statistics can help us to understand the widespread of this issue. According to Aurat Founadtion press statement: (Feb. 2010). A total of 8548 incidents of violence against women were reported in the four Provinces of Pakistan and in capital territory Islamabad during year 2009. It is not only the nationally spread phenomena but it cross the boundaries and now become the global issue As the Sushma Panday mentioned in her book of Psycho-social aspect of domestic violence: According to UNCIEF study report (2000) 20-50 percent of women population of world is victims of domestic violence. After going through the story, different question has been raised in my mind such as why domestic violence happens? What are the forms of such violence? How it effects on the health of deprived lady as well as other women? And how it can be prevented or avoided? These questions help me to analysis the said story through various literatures. There are different domains or kinds of domestic violence which the victim as well as the under discussion lady has been faced, the first kind of violence is physical abuse in which women are being physically abused by biting, hitting, pouncing, slapping or burning. Another one is emotional or psychological abuse in which women is being humiliated and threaded by spouse. Sexual abuse is a kind of violence in which women is being forced for unsafe or unwanted sex with the same spouse or with others. Femicide is form of violence in which women are killed due gender discrimination; honor killings are one of the examples of femicide. The role of health care provider to identify such form would be helpful to plan smooth treatment process to the women health. According to Wikipedia: All forms of domestic abuse have one purpose: to gain and maintain total control over the victim. Abusers use many tactics to exert power over their spouse or partner. Susan Scott Ricci and Terri Kyle (2008) citied in the book Maternity and Pediatric Nursing that: Nurses play a major role in assessing women who has suffered from some types of violenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a visit to a health care agency is an ideal time for women to be assessed for violence. Besides the forms of such violence there are several causes responsible for domestic violence and these causes answered that why domestic violence happened to the said lady as well as the entire victimized women. The individual who grow in an environment where violence is practice or taught is an essential cause of violence, because such individuals develops and grow his perception or thoughts accordingly. Poverty or low socio-economic status is a prominent cause of violence because when the wants and needs not fulfilled, that resulted in domestic violence. That similarly happens in the mentioned story. Addiction is equally responsible for the said violence, As the Bethany Winkel (2009) citied: Almost 80% of domestic violence crimes have a connection to drugs. Therefore, a big part of the solution to domestic abuse is to address the underlying substance abuse. Mental illness is also responsible for the domestic violence. The mentally unhealthy person unable to cope with situations an d domestic violence resulted. Poor self esteem and power relation or male domination is also the cause of said violence, because in our society men treated as head or dominated part of family as compare to women. The role of health care provider to identify specific causes help to guide the victim to resolve the underlying factor of violence. As the Holly McDowall cited: While nurses can help to prevent further abuse by placing barriers between victims and the abuse, this is more complex than referrals to shelters. After being analysis of causes and forms of domestic violence its essay to understand the affects of such violence to health of the deprived lady as well as other victimized women. As Kristen Fraser citied in article of Domestic Violence and Womens Physical Health: Campbell et al. (2002) argue, based on their findings that abused women have increased risk of gynecological, central nervous system and stress-related health problems. Primarily physical health of the women is severely affected from such violence. Bruises, cuts, burns, scars and fractures are some of the sign of the physical violence. Psychological and mental health is also being affected by such violence, depression; stress, anxiety; suicidal ideations and post traumatic syndrome are some of the unhealthy signs which victim as well as deprived lady has been experienced. When the violence is practiced in front of the children it may affect his /her psychological health as well as leads to building up their negative perceptions, similarly happen in mentioned story. When the victim is physically and psychologically is unhealthy can not enjoy the well beings of life and remain unsocialized from family and friends. When one individual is affected in the society from a domestic violence than the concept of violence society is emerged, because every individual is connected to their society as a member. Therefore domestic violence affected the health and wellbeing of the women as well as entire society. In context of said story or deprived lady; her physical health, psychological and social activity is affected from the violence and on other hand her child is also affected as passive member of violence After having the analysis of forms, causes and affects of domestic violence. It is very important to look forward the ways that how said violence can be prevented or avoid for the deprived lady as well as the all victims. cycle of violence theory which was introduce by researcher and feminist Lenore Walker in 1970 which help to understand such violence It include Honey moon Phase, Tension building Phase, and Acting out Phase putting the lady on that cycle we can analysis that problem has been started gradually that leads to severe one. We can avoid such tensions into tension building phase. Another suggestion and recommendation include that self awareness about rights of women, approached for legal rights and mutual consensus is also some of strategies to stop violence. The role of the nurse to in the said violence is very important as Mary Cipriano and Ruth Ludwick citied: The challenge is what nurses can do about it. Ask a woman if she is fearful of harm. Write a letter or speak to a legislator about domestic violence. Volunteer your skills at a shelter for victims of domestic violence. Open a discussion with a person from another culture about domestic violence. I conclude by saying that the by proper knowledge and understanding of forms, causes effects and preventive methods of domestic violence women can safe from hazardous effects of violence on health and wellbeing.

Government Funding For The Arts Essay -- essays research papers fc

Government Funding for the Arts The National Endowment for the Arts is a government sponsored foundation. The duty of the National Endowment for the Arts is to foster the growth of the arts evenly through the national, state, and local levels of the country. With all of the budget slashing that is now taking place the arts is the first place that people look to take money from. This not only happens on the national level but also in our schools. Many people don't see the arts as important. It is the most important thing that our society has. Art, in each and every form that it comes in, shows us who we are. Our pictures that we paint, our songs which we compose, our theater for which we write, act, and dance for, our buildings which we design, as a whole, explains our culture. Future historians will look back at these things and judge us by our accomplishments in these areas. When we look back in history, we recall it through the greatest past achievements in art: the Sistine Chapel, the great pyramids of Egypt, Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture, and the works of Plato. Shouldn't we be able to show feats just as grand? Most Americans do agree with me. In 1992, a study called the "Americans and the Arts VI" was conducted; it ended with these results: * 60% of the people support the federal support of the arts. * 63% of the people support the state's support of the arts. * 84% of...

Hr Policies of Ibm by Bal Essay

About ibm IBM is a global technology and innovation company that stands for progress. With operations in over 170 countries, IBMers around the world invent and integrate hardware, software and services to help forward-thinking enterprises, institutions and people everywhere succeed in building a smarter planet. IBM has been present in India since 1992. The diversity and breadth of the entire IBM portfolio of research, consulting, solutions, services, systems and software, uniquely distinguishes IBM India from other companies in the industry. IBM India’s solutions and services span all major industries including financial services, healthcare, government, automotive, telecommunications and education, among others. As a trusted partner with wide-ranging service capabilities, IBM helps clients transform and succeed in challenging circumstances. IBM has been expanding its footprint in India – and has a presence in over 200 cities and towns across the country – either directly or through its strong business partner network. IBM India has clearly established itself as one of the leaders in the Indian Information Technology (IT) Industry – and continues to transform itself to align with global markets and geographies to grow this leadership position. Widely recognised as an employer of choice, IBM holds numerous awards for its industry-leading employment practices and policies. IBM has one of the largest professional workforces in the world today. And what we bring to market is the expertise of our people, a workforce which is responsive to market requirements, with the skills and expertise to deliver value to clients, is resilient to market forces and delivers strong leadership. IBM has retained its position as one of the World’s Top Employers of Choice over these years because of its three-fold initiatives for the employees: * Capability: Rigorous and ongoing career/skills development programs * Climate: A challenging, empowering work environment, with world-class infrastructure * Culture: Sensitive to a global workforce The attributes that qualify these 3Cs are the Top Reasons that people come to work at IBM. IBM HR Policies 1. Global employment standards At IBM, we have always set high standards for the way we conduct business – in areas from corporate and social responsibility to sound business ethics, including compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. These Conduct Principles apply to all IBM employees. However, they are not meant to describe the full scope of IBM human resource policies or practices. More detailed statements of policies, procedures and practices are contained in documents such as the IBM Business Conduct Guidelines. Employees are required to comply with all IBM policies, procedures and practices at all times and are responsible for consulting their management if they have any questions. Our goal is to ensure full compliance with these principles by IBM managers and employees. A companion to this document, the IBM Supplier Conduct Principles, governs our relationships with and standards for IBM suppliers. . Forced or involuntary labor IBM will not use forced or involuntary labor of any type (e. g. , forced, bonded, indentured or involuntary prison labor); employment is voluntary. 3. Child labor IBM will not use child labor. The term â€Å"child† refers to any employed person under the age of 16, or under the age for completing compulsory education, or under the minimum age for employment in the country, whichever is greatest. We support the use of legitimate workplace apprenticeship, internship and other similar programs that comply with all laws and regulations applicable to such programs. 4. Wages and benefits IBM will, at a minimum, comply with all applicable wage and hour laws and regulations, including those relating to minimum wages, overtime hours, piece rates, nonexempt or exemption classification and other elements of compensation, and provide legally mandated benefits. 5. Working hours IBM will not exceed maximum hours of work prescribed by law and will appropriately compensate overtime. Employees will not be required to work more than 60 hours per week, including overtime, except in extraordinary business circumstances with their consent or where the nature of the position requires such work, as for exempt employees and employees in executive, managerial or professional positions. In countries where the maximum work week is shorter, that standard shall apply. Employees should be allowed at least one day off per seven-day week. 6. Nondiscrimination and harassment IBM will not discriminate in hiring, promotion, compensation of employees and employment practices on grounds of race, color, religion, age, nationality, social or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity or expression, marital status, pregnancy, political affiliation, disability or veteran status. IBM will create a work environment free of discrimination or harassment based on race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, disability, age or veteran status. . Respect and dignity IBM will treat all employees with respect and dignity and will not use corporal punishment, threats of violence or other forms of physical coercion or harassment. 8. Freedom of association IBM will respect the legal rights of its employees to join or to refrain from joining worker organizations, including labor organizations or trade unions. IBM complies with legal requirements worldwide regarding employee and third-party involvement. IBM respects the rights of employees to organize, and makes managers at all levels aware of those rights. The company’s long-standing belief is that the interests of IBM and its employees are best served through a favorable, collaborative work environment with direct communication between employees and management. IBM endeavors to establish such favorable employment conditions, to promote positive relationships between employees and managers, to facilitate employee communications, and to support employee development. 9. Health and safety IBM will provide its employees with a safe and healthy workplace in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Consistent with these obligations, IBM will have and will implement effective programs that encompass things such as life safety, incident investigation, chemical safety, ergonomics, and will provide safe standards of health and safety in any housing and transportation provided for our employees by the company. 10. Protection of the environment IBM is committed to worldwide leadership in environmental protection.

Bt Corn

Research Question â€Å"Evaluation of the commercialization of Bt-Corn breeds: how it is both economically efficient and overall beneficial for the environment. † Abstract This paper discusses and evaluates both the negative and positive aspects and raised controversial issues regarding Bt-Corn, a transgenic maize developed through genetic engineering and biotechnology methods, and will finally conclude that the commercialization of Bt-Corn breeds for the past 14 years have been both economically advantageous and beneficial for the environment.The purpose of this paper is to further educate and inform the general audience regarding issues relating with genetically modified organisms and will try to disprove negative speculation and ambiguity with statistical data and experimental evidence. Introduction Recent development and advances in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering has enabled scientists today to improve crop varieties through alteration of their most fun damental building blocks, their DNA.These alterations of the genetic material allow scientists and researchers to develop ‘new species’ and breeds of organisms which posses certain altered favored traits, which would not otherwise naturally exist in the organism. (Peairs, 2007) However, there is much ambiguity and controversies surrounding the whole field of genetic engineering of organisms and their commercialization.Bt-corn, a breed of transgenic maize whose genetic material has been altered to include the ability to produce a certain toxin that has specific insecticidal property against pests, has been commercialized now for several years in the US and also in several other countries such as Canada, Germany, Spain, Argentina, Honduras, South Africa and the Philippines. (Wu, 2006) The prefix ‘Bt’ from Bt-Corn originates from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a species of soil bacterium that produces the insecticidal crystal protein or delta endotoxins, toxins that kill crop pests.Genetic engineering has allowed scientists to take the single gene that controls the production of the delta endotoxins from Bt, create a modified version of it and synthesize it with the DNA of selected corn species using recombinant DNA technology. This new set of ‘genetic code’ allows the plant to produce the delta endotoxins by itself; hence it is able to repel crop pests by itself. This newly acquired attribute is like a miracle for farmers, not just corn farmers since the insecticidal attribute of ‘Bt’ has also been implemented in several other crops such as Bt-potatoes and Bt-sweet corn.However, there have been several issues raised against the commercialization of Bt-corn in recent years due to investigations, which reveals how Bt-corn pollen proves to be lethal to other species of organisms that are not considered as pests. (Peairs, 2007) This paper will discuss, evaluate and finally demonstrate how the commercialization of Bt- Corn breeds is overall both economically efficient and beneficial for the environment through the following points: * Origins of Bt and Bt-Corn * Mode of action of Bt toxins Economical and environmental advantages of Bt-Corn * FDA regulations on genetically modified organisms * Controversies and issues raised * Evaluation Origins of Bt and Bt-Corn As previously stated above, Bt-Corn is a breed of transgenic maize whose genetic material have been altered and combined with the insecticidal crystal protein-producing trait of the common naturally occurring soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. Shigetane Ishiwata, a Japanese biologist, was the first to discover Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in 1901.However, it was not until Ernst Berliner rediscovered it in 1911 in Thuringia, Germany, that the bacterium was named Bacillus thuringiensis. In 1938 a French company started commercially producing the combination of the bacterium and its toxin crystals as a pesticide, calling it Sporeine, and in the 1950’s American organic farmers started using Bt on their crops as a way to control pest. (Aroian) As research methods improved (1960’s) and new Bt species were found producing thousands of other specific toxic proteins, more and more farmers started to use Bt.However, it was not until advancements in genetics and genetic engineering in the 1990’s that researchers were able to detect and isolate the specific genes that trigger production of the toxins and transfer it into certain species of crops, such as Bt-Corn. The first Bt crop that was registered with the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), which allowed for its commercialization, is the Bt-Corn. (Aroian) In 2004, Bt-Corn comprises more than ? of the total acres of cornfields in the United States itself. Wu, 2006) According to Clive James, the chair of the ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications), today (2002) the total Bt-Corn fields in the wo rld approximates to 25 million acres. (James, 2002) Mode of actions of Bt toxins Bacillus thuringiensis produces certain proteins, categorized as crystal proteins, which are very specific, well known for its ability to target and inhibit specific metabolic processes of certain species of organisms, mainly insects.Investigations have revealed that most of these insecticidal crystal proteins, when activated (when they come into contact with their specific host), attaches itself to the epithelium cells of the gut of the insects and causes the generation of pores in the cell membranes. These pores in the membranes of the epithelium cells, outermost cells that line the surfaces of structures, such as the gut, of organisms, disrupts the osmotic balance of the cells, causing them to swell and lyse. (Hofte, 1989)In simpler terms, basically these proteins (toxins) cause imbalance of water absorption (osmotic imbalance) in the cells of the ‘organs’ of specific insects, which caus es these cells to swell and break (lyse). They are also very specific and selective on the species of insects they are able to affect, making Bt toxins potent in eradicating pests while being relatively harmless towards other organisms. There is substantial evidence that the toxins (insecticidal crystal proteins) are not harmful to human health nor are they detrimental for the health of vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, bony fish and sharks).According to Peairs, these toxins are considered to be very selective and very safe for humans and non-targeted organisms when compared to the most conventional and common pesticides used nowadays since they only attack certain groups of insects. (Peairs, 2007) Economical and environmental advantages of Bt-Corn It has been several years now, more than a decade, since the commercialization of Bt-Corn breeds and now more than ever, we are able to see statistical data and actual evidence that overall, using Bt-Corn is both economic ally efficient and beneficial for the environment.Economic advantages of Bt-Corn According to a study by Brookes, there have been substantial net economic benefits at the farms, totaling up to $5 billion in 2005 and $27 billion during the first decade (1996-2005) of the commercialization of genetically engineered crops. For the genetically engineered maize species, including Bt-Corn and other forms of genetically modified corn, boosted farm incomes by over $3. 1 billion since 1996. In the United States alone genetically modified maize crop income benefits accumulates to a little under $2. 3 billion, which is about 88% of the world GM maize crop income. (Brookes, 2006) The main reason for its economic advantage is its ability to produce higher yields of the same, or even better, quality of produce compared to ‘organic’ corn because two reasons. The first reason is that since pests are not lured to the crop, they unhindered and are able to flourish and produce more yields . The second reason is that the ability to self-produce insecticidal toxins allows farmers to cut down costs to maintain the crop since they do not have to purchase massive amounts of pesticide.This also means that less time will be spent on crop walking and the application of pesticides and herbicides, less usage of energy associated with less spraying, savings in costs of machinery and machinery usage (from less spraying and reduced harvest times) and also the unseen benefits in the health and safety of farm workers that is caused by handling pesticides. (Brookes, 2006) Environmental advantages of Bt-Corn The usage of Bt-Corn allows farmers to stop the usage of environmentally hazardous chemicals, may it be pesticides or herbicides.Overall between the years 1996 and 2005, GM crops have caused the net reduction in the environmental impact on the cropping area by 15. 3% while the total volume of active ingredient usage has also been reduced by 7%. Specifically in the GM maize sector there have been a net reduction in the environmental impact on the cropping area by 4. 6% through the reduction of pesticide usage and another net decrease in 4% in the environmental impact through the usage of more environmentally benign herbicides. Brookes, 2006) There has also been a decrease in greenhouse gasses emission; excess greenhouse gasses emission is a factor contributing to global warming. Brookes states in his article, that the two main reasons for the decrease in green house gasses emission is due to two factors. The first being reduced fuel usage from the less frequent need of using pesticides and herbicides applications (machinery used for spraying). From 1996 to 2005, it is estimated that there has been a reduction in carbon dioxide emission of 4,613 million kg, calculated from the reduced fuel usage of 1,679 liters.In comparison, the permanent carbon dioxide savings from reduced fuel usage from 1996 to 2005 by planting GM crops is equivalent to the removal of 2. 05 million cars from the road for one year, assuming that a car does an average of 15,000 km per year, producing 2,250 kg of CO2 per year based on the fact that an average family car produces 150 grams of CO2 every km. (Brookes, 2006) FDA regulations on genetically modified organisms With the development in genetic engineering and biotechnology there is urgency and a need to both control and oversee products and methods used, especially relating with food products.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) are the three main supervisors of genetically modified foods. The FDA, the official government agency in charge of regulating food, drug and cosmetic laws and ensuring safety of food (other than meat), food additives, medicines, medical devices, veterinary drugs, cosmetics and genetically modified food products, plays the major role in the actual ‘screening’ of products that are available for the public.The FDA categorizes genetically modified food products under the ‘GRAS’ list; the GRAS list comprise of products that are ‘generally recognized as safe’, which demands the manufacturers to be responsible for the safety of their own products, allowing them to place products into the market without pre-approval of the FDA because whole foods are GRAS. Whole foods are foods that are unprocessed or unrefined such as unprocessed meat, poultry and fish, fruits and vegetables, and non-homogenized milk (basically unprocessed milk; straight from the animal).The manufacturer bears responsibility for ensuring the product is not adulterated or misbranded. However if there is proof that the product is adulterated, or detrimental to human health (animal health for animal products), then the products may be taken back from the market and the manufacturer may be prosecuted. (Gertsberg, 2009) Controversies and issues raised The development and conti nuation of research in the whole issue regarding genetic engineering of any organisms itself raises much issues.However, most of the issues raised within the field of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are issues regarding perspective and ethics, since there is much fear and ambiguity that most people feel when they think and speak about this issue. Controversies with genetic engineering There are not enough, if there are any, substantial, academic, plain physical experimental proof that genetically modified organisms are hazardous to both the health of humans and the environment.The main issues raised regarding GMOs are that there is a risk there new allergens will arise from the ‘unknown’ effects of combining different DNA sequences with each other, increased toxicity levels in organisms do to a faster metabolism, the possibility of unwanted/unintended gene transfer between different species, loss of biodiversity and basically unknown possible effects on different organisms related. (Turner, 2007) There are also several other ethical issues raised, such as the monopoly of world food production by several ompanies, problems with intellectual property and non-mandatory labeling, which is the case in the United States. Non-mandatory labeling violates the rights of consumers to choose between ‘organic foods’ and genetically engineered foods. Monarch butterfly issue and Bt-Corn Several years ago, an issue was raised regarding how non-pest (non-targeted) species of organisms, the Monarch butterfly species in this case, were affected by the delta endotoxins contained in the pollen of a certain species of Bt-Corn. The issue revolves around how Monarch butterflies population was in danger of being killed through the poisoning by the Bt toxins.Monarch butterflies would migrate and lay their eggs on areas near the Bt-Corn fields. Their larvae feed on milkweed plants, a species of plants that grow in same regions as the Bt-Corn. However, Bt- Corn pollen would scatter throughout the area and lay on these leaves. Several investigations revealed some mortality in Monarch butterfly caterpillars that consume these pollen-covered milkweed leaves. (Peairs, 2007) Following the recent controversy, a number of private parties assembled and conducted workshops and investigations regarding this issue sponsored by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States.Scientists and researchers were assembled from U. S. and Canadian universities, ARS members and several other environmental organizations, in a joint effort to prove whether the issue has a scientific basis. (Hellmich, 2008) Laboratory experiments done with pure Crystal toxins (Bt toxins) mixed with artificial diets revealed that a certain type of Cry toxin, Cry1Ab, was harmful to Monarch caterpillars but other types of the Cry toxins were not toxic to them.Field studies done along with lab experiments conclude that there were not any adverse effects observed on the Monarch caterpillars who fed on milkweed leaves dusted with natural levels of the commonly found Bt-Corn pollen species. All but the single Cry toxin proved to be safe. The results of this experiment caused for the termination of the production of Bt-Corn species 176, which expressed high amounts of Cry1Ab toxins. (Hellmich, 2008) Several other studies were conducted to compare between the mortality of Monarch caterpillars in agricultural and non-agricultural habitats, where there aren’t any Bt-Corn species in the area.Results from this experiment show no significant differences in mortality rates of the caterpillars. (Hellmich, 2008) Another study conducted compared the mortality rates of Monarch caterpillars exposed to Bt-Corn species and ‘organic’ corn species with the commonly used pesticide, cyhalothrin. Experimentations revealed how, â€Å"†¦nearly all monarch larvae on milkweed plants inside the field were killed. † Hence Bt-Corn is safer t han traditional commercial insecticides and pesticides. (Hellmich, 2008)The final risk assessment brought forth by Hellmich regarding the Monarch population and Bt-Corn is that the risks are negligible since exposure of the Monarch caterpillars to Bt-Corn pollen is low. Furthermore, the current commercially available Bt-Corn species and hybrids revealed low toxicity. Hellmich concludes that, â€Å"The bottom line from these studies is that all commercial Bt corn hybrids have negligible effects on populations of monarch butterflies, especially when compared with traditional insecticides. † (Hellmich, 2008) EvaluationIn conclusion, through research and investigations conducted by researchers across the world, we can see how the commercialization of Bt-Corn for past 14 years have significantly benefitted both society and the environment through the ability of farmers to cut down costs, usage of energy, fuel and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, increase in yields and decrease i n the use of harmful chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides. We also see that most of the issues raised surrounding the issue of Bt-Corn and genetically engineered organisms are mostly just a matter of perspective and preferences.Lack of education and an open perspective regarding genetically modified organisms is the main hindrance towards improvements in the current agricultural field. Bibliography Aroian, R. (n. d. ). History of Bt. UCSD – Aroian Lab. Brookes, G. (2006, October). GM crops: the first ten years – Global socio-economic and environmental impacts. 1-106. Gertsberg, D. (2009, August 30). Introduction To The Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods by the FDA . Retrieved May 2, 2010, from GMO Journal: Food Safety Politics: http://gmo-journal. com/index. php/2009/08/30/introduction-to-regulation-of-gm-foods-by-fda/Hellmich, R. L. (2008, March 8). Monarch Butterflies and Bt Corn. 1-3. Hofte, H. (1989). Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of Bacilllus thuringi ensis. MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS , 53, 242-255. James, C. (2002). Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2001. ISAAA Briefs (26), 1-184. Peairs, F. (2007, April). Bt Corn: Health and the Environment. Colorado State University Extension . Turner, L. (2007). Playing With Our Food. Better Nutrition , 69 (4), 30-33. Wu, F. (2006). Mycotoxin reduction in Bt corn: potential economic, health, and regulatory impacts . Transgenic Research , 277-289.