Statics Essays - Physics, Mathematics, Dynamics, Force, Geometry

Statics By having a comprehension of Newton's Laws, keeping these three laws of graphical arrangements, and understanding vector polynomial math you can take care of most designing static issues. Frameworks of Force Frameworks of power following up on objects in harmony can be delegated either simultaneous or nonconcurrent what's more, as either coplanar or noncoplanar. This gives us four general classifications of frameworks. The primary class, simultaneous coplanar powers happen when the lines of activity of all powers lie in the equivalent plane and go through a typical point. Figure 1 represents a simultaneous coplanar power in with the end goal that F1, F2, also, W all lie in a similar plane (the paper) and every one of their lines of activity share point O for all intents and purpose. To decide the resultant of simultaneous power frameworks, you can utilize the Pythagorean hypothesis, the law of sines, or then again the law of cosines as laid out in the past section. Nonconcurrent-coplanar power is the point at which the lines of activity of all powers lie in a similar plane yet don't go through a typical point as showed in figure 2. The greatness and heading of the resultant power can be controlled by the rectangular part strategy utilizing the initial two conditions in figure 2, and the opposite separation of the line of activity of R from the hub of pivot of the body can be discovered utilizing the third condition in figure 2. Simultaneous noncoplanar powers are when Application the lines of activity of all powers go through a regular point and are not in a similar plane. To locate the resultant of these powers it is ideal to determine each power into parts along three tomahawks that make edges of 90 degrees with one another. Nonconcurrent-noncoplanar powers are the point at which the lines of activity of all powers don't go through a regular point and the powers don't all lie in a similar plane. Stress At the point when a controlled body is dependent upon outer powers, there is an inclination for the state of the body Science

Strengths and weaknesses of reason Essay Example

Qualities and shortcomings of reason Essay Reason is a perspective portrayed by rationale. It is the capacity to think, comprehend and reach determinations. It is regularly appeared differently in relation to emotionalism, which is thinking driven by want, energy, or bias. [1] Reasoning is significant in our day by day life. Each time we accomplish something there is an explanation for it. Thinking is a method of knowing, which will realize an obvious end result to what we are doing. Regardless of whether what we are doing is correct or wrong. For instance: An easygoing smoker can reason in the case of smoking is beneficial for him or not by thinking out. As he realizes that smoking will influence his wellbeing and he will destroy his life. There is no increase in smoking yet he is burning through his time and cash which isn't justified, despite any potential benefits. He is taking a chance with his life for few moments of joy. So he can plainly observe that what he is doing isn't right. Reason gives you more certainty to work ahead and accomplish your objective. At whatever point you reason, you have desire which keeps a fire burning. For instance when a businessperson is working in an association he is attempting to make greatest benefit. That is likewise one reason and expected result why he/she is working for. We will compose a custom paper test on Strengths and shortcomings of reason explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Strengths and shortcomings of reason explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Strengths and shortcomings of reason explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In beginning stage he may make misfortunes however he/she shouldnt get disheartened by it. Fire of a fire ought to be there to invigorate inward to work upon it. Anything you do in your life has a purpose for it. For instance, an understudy has a choice of picking various courses for his/her profession. Around then, when understudy picks an International educational plan there is purpose for it that he/she may wish to go to abroad for their further instruction. Global educational plans like IGCSE, IB Diploma, A-Level, etc. At the point when one needs to gain training broadly then they would pick National or State instruction. In life frequently you need to settle on decisions which include opportunity cost. [1] http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Reason In Todays age each one would wish to know the purpose behind what they are doing. Working without an explanation resembles going in a transport without a goal. For instance: When an understudy goes to class he addresses himself for what reason am I going to class. Around then he has a desire which is explanation behind him. He may wish to consider himself to be a specialist, engineer, agent, legal advisor, cop, columnist, instructor and a lot more for which he/she works inflexibly. A specialist for instance: Reliance is an organization which began with beginning capital of just $300 . The author of this organization was Dhirubhai H. Ambani. Today we can see this is Indias biggest private division organization with incomes of $16. 7billion. We generally reason when we are discovering some new information. Thinking will consistently be founded on conditions, understanding, analyze, investigate, information. For instance: when a youngster is advised not to play with a blade he won't tune in. Regardless of how frequently his folks caution him. He will possibly comprehend what it implies when he is harmed by that sharp blade. He will experience the torment and dying. That is a childs experience and information about this article. He will be cautious later on. He will learn as he grows up. His folks cautioned him since they knew about the sharpness of blade and how damaging it very well may be. They have likewise learnt it a similar way. So whenever we accomplish something we will have a go at thinking it. In science and arithmetic we reason with realities and demonstrated hypotheses. It goes about as spine for us to manage analyses and comprehending. Researcher researches with reason that they can find or concoct new realities. Newtons Third Law expressed that Every activity has equivalent and inverse response [2] this was determined by numerous investigations. A straightforward guide to help this law is in sports. Cricket, when the ball is coming towards the batsman it is hit by the bat and the ball goes the other way with a more noteworthy speed because of the power applied by the bat. This is the manner by which they reason out. [2] International Baccalaureate Physics second Edition Greff Kerr, Nancy Kerr ,Paul Ruth In science we have various hypotheses and recipes which are gotten by numerous looks into from which they came into a discerning resolution. For instance: We have hypotheses like total of symmetrical triangle is 180 degree ,the contrary points of isosceles triangle are equivalent, in squares all sides are equivalent and each edge is of 90 degree. These are barely any plane geometric hypotheses which are demonstrated by Euclid Alexandria. [3] This is the way how understudies can comprehend numerical ideas. In this there is deductive thinking. Anyway like everything there are different sides to the coin. So here quality is one side of the coin and shortcoming is another side of the coin. In spite of every one of its points of interest, the way toward thinking has numerous weaknesses which make it inapplicable in different circumstances. In brain science, for instance feeling assumes a more significant job than thinking. The analyst needs to comprehend the passionate circumstance of his customer. On the off chance that he utilizes his thinking to tackle his customer issue he would neglect to help him in any capacity. Here comprehension of feelings assumes essential job. For each feeling there isn't an explanation for it. So there is no explanation behind having mental issue. The disease is normal by which there is change in the human conduct. The conduct which he has is an anomalous conduct for which a brain science can do this by following out or understanding his issues. Likewise for breaking down any authentic character it is critical to comprehend his perspective and enthusiastic circumstance around then. Thinking his activities with the fundamental standards of conduct and brain science isn't a compelling strategy for understanding the history. Aurangzeb was a strict biased person. He did everything for the sake of religion despite the fact that his activities produced misery. There was no thinking behind his arranging. Writing is another subject matter where reason stays an individual approach and can change from individual to individual. Composing and understanding writing includes a sympathy and an intensive comprehension of the different human characters. [3] http://derrel. net/math/euclid/euclid. htm More than reason, feelings and emotions assume a more prominent job in a language as a method of knowing. It is progressively critical to investigate the sentiments of the characters so the perusers can relate it to their life, as opposed to reason it with mind and morals. For Example: In Dolls house Nora has a mentality towards going through more cash than the absolute salary. Here she has mentality of living in a rich manner. So to comprehend her character, language and feelings assume basic job in knowing them. Another subject matter where reason ends up being emotional and individual is craftsmanship. A craftsman utilizes the creative sense/aptitude inside him to deliver his work of art. Inventiveness and his own ideas are depicted in a specialists work, and therefore thinking is close to home dependent on his own thoughts and shows of craftsmanship. Here individuals have diverse recognition about the distinctive workmanship. Recognition significantly differs starting with one individuals then onto the next individuals. Reason is a basic piece of a judgment for dynamic yet it tends to be emotional and not really indistinguishable from another people perspective. Thinking relies upon the premises of rationale if premises are correct my decision through thinking will be right and if the premises are powerless my understanding will not be right. Thinking is best when it is upheld by actuality and data and examined efficiently without inclination and bias. Bibliographyâ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

Why Expertise Should Be Your Priority in Creating Online Content

Why Expertise Should Be Your Priority in Creating Online Content Whether you are marketing a business, a brand, a website or yourself, creating and providing online content across several forms of media comes with its own slippery slopes. It doesnt take much to realize the inherent problems that are part of such public and easy publishing. In fact, all one has to do is consider the scandals of celebrity Twitter account holders to see the extent of damage that can come of providing the wrong content; and the professional consequences of posting content that is awkward, misinterpreted or otherwise harmful to ones reputation.For this reason, particularly if you are building your personal brand, using expertise as a guide for online content publishing is essential if you want to do it the right way and be successful at it. If you are publishing online content for the sake of building a business or attracting website traffic, providing meaningful content not only gives your website legitimacyâ€"it also helps potential clients or customers know that you do a good job at providing the services you sell. This type of reputation-building behavior is important and stands in contrast to the aforementioned celebrity Twitterers, who undermined their professional reputation with online content instead of building it.What is content marketing?Content marketing is the term used for published content that provides information to an audience, particularly an audience made up of potential clients or customers. When you create content marketing, your goal should be to provide value to your audienceâ€"either through giving them useful information relevant to your line of work or assisting them by answering questions they might have. In answering questions, you are showing yourself to be an expert, and your audience will consider that online content to be an extension or picture of the quality of the services or products you provide. In other words: its a good thing to answer questions and provide meaningful expertise in your specific areaâ€"but only if those answers and bits of expertise are correct, so fact checking is important!Providing expertise or answering questions builds value for your site, your company and your personal brand. Value is, in many ways, a perception, so it is essential that the perception of value online audiences glean from your content is positive. When your readers see it as useless information, or information that has just been reworded and rehashed from other sources available online (that may or may not be correct), your content will quickly lose value. The result of that is your online presence loses value, as well.So what about readability and watering down content?One of the worst things you can do in providing online content is attempting to make it readable for everyone. In doing so, you end up watering down the content, or making it less than what it could be for the sake of attracting what is hoped to be a mass audience. While the intention is a good one, it can end up destroying your c ontents perceived value, since those who are seeking detailed expertise will be unable to find it in your content. If you provide advice that is readily found anywhere on the internet, your potential audience and potential customers are likely to move their business elsewhere, since there is nothing separating your company or services from hundreds of others that are available.Your experience speaks volumesSo how do you avoid providing content that looks like everyone elses? Simple. Use your experiences as a springboard for showing your expertise. Many businesses hire copywriters to rehash already-published content just to provide keyword-rich content, but few insist on providing the source information. Why is this? Much of it has to do with not being involved enough in the content being published. Without this involvement, the content provided on a website is only as good as the copywriters knowledge base and source material. It does not reflect the expertise of the person or compa ny attempting to build its image and brand through the content, and could end up backfiring when unchecked or incorrect information gets posted. The way to avoid this is absolute involvement in the content you are publishing under your name or under the name of your business. You wouldnt allow a stranger to write your personal mail and memos; dont let a stranger write your online content unless you are highly involved in the process and can provide source material for the writer.Heres an example: An attorney who wishes to grow her clientele hires a copywriter to create informative content regarding her subject area of practice on her websites blog. Since she practices in the area of Will and Estate Law, she tells the copywriter to write content that focuses on the different terminology and what it means. She notices after a while that her website is not drawing nearly as much traffic as shed hoped.What should she do differently?First, she should realize that content that simply defi nes terms is content that is available online in copious amounts. A search for definition or a general description is likely to pull up hundreds of websites before it pulls up hers, so its value is slight, if there is any value to it at all.Second, she should reframe her content to provide examples of her work with each of these types of cases or legal arrangements. She could include a quick definition within her description for simple SEO keyword purposes, but the bulk of the content should be focused on unique experience and expertise in the fieldâ€"hers.Finally, she should welcome questions from her websites visitors, and post the answers to those questions as part of the content she provides. This not only solidifies her as an expert in the businessâ€"it also fills the website with useful, relevant content that makes visitors feel like their time reading her website and blog has not been wasted. A potential client looking for an attorney in Will and Estate Law will see this part icular attorney as someone who knows what she is talking about and is willing to go that extra mile to help her clients and answer their questions. They will see her as such because of the content she provided.

Essay about Goodman vs Robin - 759 Words

Goodman vs Robin Short stories, when written by the same author, vary by subject but sometimes contain similar themes. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an entertaining writer who wrote many such stories. Two among his works have some striking similarities. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† both were written within three years of each other by Hawthorne (1832-1835). The biggest similarities between the stories were with the main character of each. Robin from â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† and Brown from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† were both young men on a journey that took them through a single night. Both men held some innocent or naà ¯ve worldviews. Both had idealistic views of people that were proven to be untrue. Both men†¦show more content†¦Brown’s wife Faith symbolized his faith, so he held an idealized view of her. At the end of his journey, she appears at the devil’s ceremony, which is symbolic of his loss of faith. He never sees her in the same way again. Robin thought that his kinsman Major Molineux was a highly respected member of his community and a great man. At the end of his journey, Robin sees him tarred and feathered looking not very great at all. He finds out that the people of the town hated, not respected, this man because of his support of the British. Though their objectives on these journeys were different, both men experienced a similar loss of innocence. Though the process was similar, the outcomes of their journeys were different. The purpose of each man’s journey was different. Brown’s journey was a systematic breakdown of his faith. It succeeded. All the people he held as pious and in high regard were found out to be involved with the devil. Brown was inflexible and allowed this to permanently disrupt his faith in humanity. He became â€Å"a stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not desperate man† after the events of his journey. The rest of his life â€Å"he shrank from the bosom of Faith.† Brown led an unhappy life because he lost his faith. Robin on the other hand did not. His journey was a systematic breakdown of another sort. HisShow MoreRelated Analyses of Short Stories Essay examples4756 Words   |  20 PagesAnalyses of Short Stories Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Goodman Brown was not asleep in this short story. As I read, I believed that Goodman did indeed meet the devil in the forest. If he had indeed dreamt about the trip he was sent on and meeting the devil, I think his nervousness would have been described in more detail then it was. Concentrating more on the anxiety he was feeling would have led the reader to believe that the events were not real. I also saw this storyRead MoreImproving Healthcare Conditions : Legal And Ethical Perspective1784 Words   |  8 PagesProviding Health Care in Rural Areas Marjorie Dingle, Joshua Wakamura Moanalua High School Ms. Robin Martin 2825 Ala Ilima Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Abstract Introduction Accessibility to Healthcare Conditions Legal and Ethical Perspective Conclusion Appendix References 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Table of Contents 1 Abstract Survival of the fittest: it almost seems like the â€Å"fittest† of this generation are those who live in an urban environment. Even though the rural population makes up a significant amountRead MoreNo Sql Databases4246 Words   |  17 Pagessurname@lirmm.fr Ben ´ edicte Laurent  ´ 2 2Namae Concept Cap Omega 34000 Montpellier – France b.laurent@namaconcept.com Nicolas Sicard3 3LRIE – EFREI 30-32 av. de la republique  ´ 94 800 Villejuif – France nicolas.sicard@efrei.fr [6] P. A. Bernstein and N. Goodman. Multiversion concurrency control – theory and algorithms. ACM Trans. Database Syst., 8:465–483, December 1983. [7] NoSQL Database: New Era of Databases for Big data Analytics - Classification, Characteristics and Comparison - International JournalRead MoreManagement Control and Their Limitations8558 Words   |  35 Pagesidentity of structure and agency as proposed, for example, by Anthony Giddens. Few dispute that social reality is produced by human agents operating in pre-existing structural contexts but they differ on how structure and agency are related i.e. duality vs. dualism Giddens argues that people reproduce, and can transform, systems: not the other way around, i.e. systems lack the capabilities of agency. Systems reproduction presupposes social reproduction. For him human agency (i.e. ability to make aRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pages 14 THE NATURE OF OCD order. 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What Does Average Mean in Math

Average is  a term that is used, mis-used and often overused. Typically, many individuals refer to average when they really mean the arithmetic average (mean). Average can mean the mean, the median, and the mode, it can refer to a geometric mean and weighted averages. Although most people use the term average for this type of calculation: Four tests results: 15, 18, 22, 20The sum is: 75Divide 75 by 4: 18.75The Mean (Average) is 18.75(Often rounded to 19) The truth of the matter is that the above calculation is considered the arithmetic mean, or often referred to as the mean average.

Chapter Research Free Essays

Nowadays, we all have problems when It comes to buying. Because we exceed In buying In the markets, we sometimes buy expensive dishwashing liquid. It nice that we use this sometimes, but sometimes we run out of money because of this. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also feel rough after we wash the dishes. The zamias dishwashing liquid can be a one- step solution for this problem. Because of the high oxalic acid content, the extract is considered as anti-bacterial, astringent, ant scorbutic, firebug, and stomach. B. What are the properties that make this product effective as an alternative dishwashing liquid? Why do we need to find the properties of zamias? And how are we going to find them? These are the questions that will challenge the researchers while they are conducting this study. Surely, conducting a research Is harder than It sounds and it will be harder to conduct a research that includes finding properties that will make a simple object into an alternative product. The researchers assume that this study will be successful and prove that zamias extract can be an alternative material for dishwashing liquid. The properties that we will find In kamala will make a strong reason for this study to be 100% successful. At this point, the researchers can already see that this study Is a guaranteed success. Zamias extract has already been used in many ways such as an alternative eye dropper, medicine for sore throat and also a prevention from getting diabetes. Now, the researchers will make a new use of zamias extract and that is as an alternative dishwashing liquid. Unlike any other products bought from the store that is expensive and may brought harmful effects for the user, this product will not only be cheap and affordable for the people, but also will bring beneficial effects for the user Instead of the harmful effects. The researcher’s selection for this material Is a good choice because It has helped In many studies and may be a help for more In the future. 1. Zamias – is a small, sour and Juicy fruit found in zamias bearing trees in the garden and sometimes in the neighborhood and parks. 2. Astringent – is a material able or tending to shrink body tissues. 3. Ann-bacterial – prevents the build-up/accumulation of bacteria in a specific object/ location. 4. Eye Dropper – is a substance used to relieve itchiness, irritation and pain in the eyes. 5. Sore Throat – is the redness, sensitivity and painfulness in the throat. 6. Diabetes – is a disease in which too little insulin is produced and the body cannot SE sugar and starch in a normal way. F. This study is set only to give the properties of zamias extract, its purpose and other information’s concerning this study. This study may have respondents but may not give exact number of respondents. Instead, the researchers will give the number of respondents by using percentage (Out of the respondents we surveyed, 75% agree that†¦ ) in the presentation. Lastly, the main focus of this study is to identify the properties of zamias that will help in this study, how many respondents will agree tit this study, and to give all the information necessary about this study. The researchers are going to conduct this research by finding the enough information they need to make this research more of a complete topic. That’s why the researchers are going to study more about the properties of zamias that may be a great help into contributing to their study. Another reason why are the researchers studying this because it is not only a benefit for themselves but a benefit for the people if this study may turn out to be successful. How to cite Chapter Research, Essays

Education and School Uniforms Essay Example For Students

Education and School Uniforms Essay School uniforms must be compulsory. Do you agree or disagree with this pollen? Individualism is a fundamental value in the united States. All Americans believe in the right to express their own opinion without fear of punishment. This value, however, Is coming under fire In an unlikely place the public school classroom. The issue is school uniforms. Should public school students be allowed to make individual decisions about clothing, or should all students be required to wear a uniform? School uniforms are the better choice for three reasons. We will write a custom essay on Education and School Uniforms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Firstly, wearing school uniforms would help make students lives simpler. They would no longer have to decide what to wear every morning, sometimes trying on outfit after outfit In an effort to choose. Uniforms would not only save time but also would eliminate the stress often associated with this chore. Secondly, school uniforms influence students to act responsibly in groups and as Individuals. Uniforms give students the message that school Is a special place for learning. In addition, uniforms create a feeling of unity among students. For example, hen students do something as a group, such as attend meetings in the auditorium or eat lunch In the cafeteria, the fact that they all wear the same uniform would create a sense of community. Even more important, statistics show the positive effects that school uniforms have on violence and truancy. According to a recent survey In Hillsboro County. Florida. Incidents of school violence dropped by 50 percent, attendance and test scores improved, and student suspensions declined approximately 30 percent after school uniforms were introduced. Finally, school uniforms would help make all the students feel equal Peoples standards of living differ greatly, and some people are well-off while others are not. People sometimes forget that school is a place to get an education, not to promote a fashion show. Implementing mandatory school uniforms would make all the students look the same regardless of their financial status. School uniforms would promote pride and help to raise the self-esteem of students who cannot afford to wear stylish clothing. Opponents of mandatory uniforms may say that students who wear school uniforms cannot express their individuality. This point has some merit on the surface. However, as stated previously, school Is a place to learn, not to flaunt wealth and fashion. Society must decide if individual expression through clothing is more valuable than improved educational performance. Its important to remember that school uniforms would be worn only during school hours. Students can express their individuality in the way they dress outside of the classroom. In conclusion, there are many well-documented benefits to implementing mandatory cocoons unlooses Tort students . Tidies snow Tanat students learn netter Ana act more responsibly when they wear uniforms. Public schools should require uniforms in order to benefit both the students and society as a whole. 1. The topic of the essay is school uniforms. What is the hook in the first paragraph? 2. 3. What is the thesis statement? Topic sentence: Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 each give a reason for requiring school uniforms. These reasons can be found in the topic sentence of each paragraph. What are the reasons? Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: 4. Supporting sentences: In paragraph 4, what supporting information does the writer give to show that uniforms make students equal? 5. Which paragraph presents a counterargument (an argument that is contrary to, or the opposite of, the writers opinion)? What is the counterargument? 6. The writer gives a refutation of the counterargument (shows that it is wrong). What is the writers refutation? 7. Write the sentence from the concluding paragraph of The School Uniform Question that restate the thesis. 8. Reread the concluding paragraph. What is the writers opinion about this issue?

Mark Shaffer Essays - Education, Critical Pedagogy, Multiculturalism

Mark Shaffer James Banks James Banks believes that there should be more multicultural education taught in schools. Education about ethnic diversity treats cultural pluralism within a nation-state by studying different traits from different groups, which determine one group from another. He believes that a major goal of education in a free society is acceptance of cultural pluralism as a national strength and not an obstacle. Individuals of various minority groups may maintain their ethnic identities while sharing a common culture with Americans from many different ethnic backgrounds. (http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm) A suggestion made on how to incorporate more multicultural issues is that social studies education should build consensus on core civic values important to all Americans. These include the rule of law, representative and limited government, and civil liberties, including toleration of the respect of the rights of individuals and ethnic minority groups. Banks believes that educators who recognize and respect their students' ethnic identities should also prepare them to assume common obligations and responsibilities of citizenship which involve shared civic values embodied in basic documents of the American heritage. Although students and teachers may participate variously within different microcultures, they also come together within the American mainstream culture, especially the civic culture. (http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm) James Banks has four basic levels to what he thinks will reform the curriculum. Level 1 is called the contribution approach. This is when the Heroes, heroines, holidays, foods, and discrete cultural elements are celebrated occasionally. (See the chart) This is the level I think most schools are at now. Level 2 is called the additive approach. This is where things are added to the curriculum without the structure changing. Level 3 is called the transformation approach. This approach says, the structure of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view concepts, issues, events, and themes from the perspectives of the diverse ethnic and cultural groups. (See the chart) Finally, the 4th level is called the action approach. This is when the students are encouraged to take action to help solve important personal, social, and civic problems. (See the chart) It would not be a hard thing to incorporate diversity issues into a physical education class. Every sport or dance or activity had to originate from somewhere. So what I would do is give each child a sport or activity to do a project on. Each child would get a different activity that came from a different place. The child would then teach the class about his or her activity and where it originated. This activity, I think, would best fit into Banks level three. The structure of the class would change and the students would learn things that are taught nowhere else in the school. References 1. The chart 2. http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm Bibliography References 1. The chart 2. http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm

Free Essays on Learning English In The Mathematics And Science Classroom

is the exploration of word origin in an effort for students to grasp mathematical languages. The second strategy: everyday language, can be used as a strategy to develop mathematical knowledge and communication. According to the writer, teachers should not overlook everyday language as a learni... Free Essays on Learning English In The Mathematics And Science Classroom Free Essays on Learning English In The Mathematics And Science Classroom Stepanek the author of the article quoted that learning is the process of developing and negotiating meaning, which is usually through the medium of language. The author further stated that because language is the primary means of teaching, student’s ability to participate in mathematics and science is dependent on their language ability. The writer didn’t limit the importance of language to just teaching, she also stated that it is in the way they think and communicate what they know. The writer in support of Language and learning mathematics quoted Cocking â€Å"language proficiency plays a role in mathematics achievement.† The author of the article in promoting the use of language highlighted a suggestion made by Warren, Rosebery and their Cheche Konnen colleagues, which encourages teachers to rethink their approach, using diverse languages as a bridge rather than a barrier to learning mathematics. The author of the article highlighted two tools/ strategies to enhance mathematics through language development, they are: finding the right words and using everyday language. In this are the author suggest that the languages of mathematics and science are different from the language that students use socially, therefore what the author is saying is that students are likely to benefit from languages that targets unfamiliar words, expressions, and syntax. A key area the author highlighted when finding the right words is a need for the students to learn the difference between how words are used in an everyday context and their meaning in mathematics. The final area highlighted by the author under finding the right words is the exploration of word origin in an effort for students to grasp mathematical languages. The second strategy: everyday language, can be used as a strategy to develop mathematical knowledge and communication. According to the writer, teachers should not overlook everyday language as a learni...

What are the main causes of global warming Essay

What are the main causes of global warming - Essay Example The earth’s atmosphere usually traps solar radiation, through gases such as Carbon IV oxide, methane and water vapor; these are called the greenhouse gases, which allow incoming radiation to pass through, but traps and retain the heat radiated back from the earth’s surface (Dahlman & Renwick 96). This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect. Global warming is simply an enhanced form of the greenhouse effect, caused by a major upsurge in the greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. The gases trap more and more radiation leading to an overall increase in the earth. For global warming to occur, a lot of factors come into play. However, scientists have concluded that human activity is the leading cause of global warming. This happens in two main ways: burning fossil fuels, which is the main cause and deforestation. When fossil fuels are extracted and burnt, they release CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Increased CO2 in the atmosphere is the biggest concern because it can last in the atmosphere for generations. Deforestation only happens to accelerate the problem further. This is because most of the cleared trees, when burnt, also release CO2. Furthermore, we know that forests require CO2 for photosynthesis. In the process, plants are able to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Clearing trees therefore leads to the build of carbon IV oxide, which in turn raises the earth’s temperatures. Global warming causes climate change (Dahlman & Renwick 96). This is unpredictable and mostly devastating changes in weather such as the Hurricane Sandy and other extreme climatic events such as the melting of the polar ice. These changes therefore call for all the people in the world to join hands to try to reverse and in the end eliminate this process. Among the strategies set forth to combat global warming include afforestation, which is the planting of forests where they were depleted,

The Sale of Human Organs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Sale of Human Organs - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Legalisation of the sale of human organs may seem absurd and weird to some people based on their own different ideologies. However, to some people, it seems very find and they find no problem with it. This is what has therefore brought a huge controversy on the issue of selling human organs. Satz states that arguments have been raised so far to justify the two sides but it is not clear what stand should prevail. What can be traced from history is that all people find the donation of human organs to be something divine but on the contrary, find the sale of human organs to be a sinful act. In regards to this controversy, there are, however, plenty of arguments to justify the sale of human organs. These arguments, by all means, try to reveal the need and advantage of permitting people to make the sale of their organs in open markets without any questioning or any restriction of any kind at all. As much as most countries may hold their law s on the illegality of selling human organs, the laws have no power at all given the fact that people have the free will to make a sale on their sperms and reproductive eggs. Sperms and reproductive female eggs are parts of a human body too and people are allowed to sell them. Hughes argues that there must be no reason to forbid people from selling other organs of their body like liver and kidney. After all, for any human being to decide to sell their organs, it must be out of their own free will and consent.

Fungal And Bacterial Amylase During Starch Breakdown Biology Essay

Fungal And Bacterial Amylase During Starch Breakdown Biology Essay The lab conducted focused on examining the effects of temperature on the ability of fungal and bacterial amylase to breakdown starch to maltose, and determine the temperature at which these two amylases work best, which is known as optimal temperature. The experimental part of the lab consisted in setting up the utensils that were going to be used during the actual experiment. During this section test tubes were labeled, and spot plates were placed in temperature/ time table created. For the second section of the experiment, iodine was placed in each row of the spot plates for each temperatures, and the solutions in the test tubes( bacterial , fungal amylase and starch mixture) were added to those same spots were iodine was added, depending on the time and the temperature corresponding to each amylase. The optimal temperature was deducted by observing the color change in the spot plates and comparing them with a color-coding scheme for starch hydrolysis. Conclusions for this task were reached by analyzing the data collected by each group, which suggests that a change in temperature disturbs the activity of enzyme amylase. When exposed to low and high temperatures, these enzymes were not able to function properly, therefore, reducing or eliminating their ability to breakdown certain compounds, especially starch. Enzymes need maintain at a certain temperature to be able to function at its optimal. Introduction: Enzymes are complex proteins produced by all living organisms with the function of enhancing chemical reactions through a process known as catalysis. During this process, the substrates, which are the molecules that will undergo the reaction, binds to the active site of the enzyme to form different molecules called products. Each active site on the enzyme is unique, permitting only substrates that match the shape of the active site to bind to the enzyme in a process known as lock and key model, however, active sites are able to adjust their shape to permit the binding with a substrate through the induced fit model, which moves entire protein domains (Raven et al., 2008; Ringe Petsko, 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009). Catalysts, like enzymes, work by reducing the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to take place by linking two substrates in the correct orientation or by accentuating chemical bonds of a substrate, which reduces the energy difference between reactants and transition state. Enzymes are not consumed or changed during the reaction and they do not alter the equilibrium of the reactions they catalyze (Garcia et al, 2004; Raven et al., 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009; Alberte et al., 2012). The activity of enzymes is affected by multiple factors, including 1) pH (ranges from pH 6 to 8), 2) temperature (Rate of reaction increases with temperature, but only up to a point called optimum temperature. A change in temperature, either below or above the optimum, causes the active site to denature, decreasing or preventing substrate binding. When exposed to low temperatures enzymes are not flexible enough to permit induce fit, and in high temperatures enzymes are too weak to maintain their shape.), 3) substrate concentration (If amount of enzyme is preserved constant and substrate concentration is gradually increased, the reaction velocity will increase until it reaches a maximum. After this point increasing substrate concentration will not increase the rate of reaction), 4) allosteric inhibitors and activators (Inhibitors are substances that bind to an enzyme and decreases its activity, and they can occur in two ways; competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors. Effec tors that enhance enzyme activity are referred to as allosteric activators, which bid to allosteric sites to keep an enzyme in its active configuration), and 4) cofactors (Many enzymes required the presence of other compounds, called cofactors, which during the catalytic activity, A cofactor can be a coenzyme, a prosthetic group or a metal ion activator (Harisha, 2006; Raven et al., 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009). Enzymes have a wide spectrum of functions in the bodies of living organisms; they are present from signal transduction to generation of muscle contraction. The also break starch molecules, forming smaller fragments of maltose, which can be easily absorbed by mammals. And it is the ability of enzymes to breakdown starch and the effect of temperature during this process that will be analyzed in the lab (Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009; Alberte et al., 2012), expecting that the results collected confirm that temperature does have an effect in bacterial and fungal amylase activity. Methods: The experiment should be performed once per group, using fungal (Apergillus oryzae) and bacterial amylase. Starch catalysis will be monitored by using Iodine test, which turns from yellow to blue-black in the presence of starch. Experimental Setup Place a paper under the spot plates and label the top side with temperature values 0,40,60,95 Â °C, and the side with the times 0,2,4,6,8,10 min. Obtain 4 test tubes and label each with a different temperature, enzyme source, either bacterial or fungal and group number. Repeat previous step, but this time include the letter S, which stands for Starch solution. Finally add 5ml of 1.5% starch solution into each of the test tubes labeled S. Effect of temperature in amylase activity Add 1ml of amylase into each of the test tubes that do not contain starch, and place the 8 test tubes (4 containing starch and 4 containing amylase) into their respective temperatures, allowing all test tubes to equilibrate for 5 minutes. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to the first row of the spot plate corresponding to o minutes. After 5 minutes has passed and test tubes are equilibrated, transfer a few drops of starch solution from each temperature to the row where you added the iodine. Pour the starch solution into the tube containing amylase without taking it put of bath, and set the timer for two minutes. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to the second row, and after 2 minutes has passes, transfer a few drops of the starch-amylase mixture from each tube to the 2 minutes row using the pipette correspondent to each temperature. After each additional 2 min, add 2-3 drops of iodine and a few drops from starch amylase mixture. At the end of 10 min, note the temperature and the time at which 100% hydrolysis occurred. Repeat the procedure using the other amylase type, and using the color-coding scheme convert results into numerical values. Results: Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 5 5 5 5 2 4.333333 3.166667 3 5 4 4.166667 3.083333 2.833333 5 6 4 3 2.75 5 8 4 3 2.683333 5 10 3.833333 3 2.75 5 Table 1: Class Average for Bacterial Amylase activity After all groups performed the experiment, a class data for bacterial amylase was collected. The average of the data was calculated and presented in Table 1, showing color changes for each temperature. Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 5 5 5 5 2 3.333333 2.666667 3.166667 5 4 3.333333 2.666667 3.083333 5 6 3.333333 2.666667 2.833333 5 8 3.333333 2.416667 2.833333 5 10 3.333333 2.416667 2.833333 5 Table 2: Class Average data for Fungal Amylase activity After all groups performed the experiment, a class data for fungal amylase was collected. The average of the data was calculated and presented in Table 2, showing color changes for each temperature. Graph 1: Class Average for Bacterial Amylase activity Graphical Representation Results from Table 1 exposed in a graph, showing that all groups optimal temperature for Bacterial amylase is 60Â °C Graph 2: Class Average Data for Fungal Amylase activity Graphical Representation Results from Table 2 were exposed in a graph, showing that all groups optimal temperature for Bacterial is 40Â °C Figure 1: Color coding-scheme for starch breakdown Starch hydrolysis color coding scheme is used to determine the optimal temperature for each amylase during starch breakdown Figure 2: Bacterial amylase activity spot plate Group number 1 spot plate during bacterial amylase experiment showing the amylase reaction during each temperature Figure 3: Fungal amylase activity spot plate Group number 1 spot plate for fungal amylase experiment showing starch breakdown during each temperature Graph 3: Bacterial Amylase Activity graphical representation Bacterial amylase activity data taken from table 1 showing that optimal temperature for this kind of amylase according to group 1 is 60Â °C Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Color # Color # Color # Color Time (min) 0 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 2 blue/black 4 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 blue/black 4 blue/black 4 light brown 3 light brown 3 blue/black 6 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 blue/black 8 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 med yellow 2 blue/black 10 med brown 3.5 dark yellow 2.5 med yellow 2 blue/black Table 3: Bacterial Amylase activity Group 1 recorded color changes for each temperature during breakdown of starch by bacterial amylase, and it was represented in numerical values by using color coding scheme presented in Figure 1 Graph 4: Fungal Amylase Activity graphical representation Fungal amylase activity data taken from Table 4 showing that optimal temperature for this kind of amylase according to group 1 is 40 Â °C Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Color # Color # Color # Color Time (min) 0 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 2 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 4 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 6 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 8 light brown 3 med yellow 2 light brown 3 blue/black 10 light brown 3 med yellow 2 light brown 3 blue/black Table 4: Fungal Amylase Activity Group 1 recorded color changes for each temperature during breakdown of starch by fungal amylase, and it was represented in numerical values by using color coding scheme presented in Figure 1 Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.408248 0.258199 0 0 4 0.258199 0.258199 0.258199 0 6 0.316228 0.316228 0.418330 0 8 0.316228 0.316228 0.376386 0 10 0.516398 0.316228 0.418330 0 Table 5: Class Average Standard Deviation for Bacterial Amylase activity From the results from Table 1, the standard deviation was taken, showing that the results collected by each group for Bacterial amylase are close to average results. Graph 5: Class Average Standard Deviation for Bacterial Amylase activity Graphical Representation Data from Table 5 was exposed in a graph, showing that the difference between the mean and the samples collected by each group is minimal. Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.408248 0.516398 0.68313 0 4 0.408248 0.408248 0.66458 0 6 0.408248 0.408248 0.68313 0 8 0.408248 0.491596 0.68313 0 10 0.408248 0.449868 0.68313 0 Table 6: Class Average Standard deviation for Fungal Amylase Activity From the results from Table 2, the standard deviation was taken, showing that the results collected by each group for Bacterial amylase are close to average results. Graph 6: Class Average Standard Deviation graphical Representation Data from Table 6 was exposed in a graph, showing that the difference between the mean and the samples collected by each group is minimal Discussion: After evaluating the results of the experiment, present in Table 1 and 2 it can be concluded that the data provides enough evidence to support the predictions or hypothesis presented in the introduction section that when temperature is not optimal for an enzyme, it will denature or reduce its functions. The results showed that low or high temperatures have an effect in the ability of enzymes to break down starch (Graph 1 and 2). By comparing the results with color coding scheme provided (Figure 1), the optimal temperatures for both amylases were able to be determined. The optimal temperature for the enzyme had a bright yellow color, which meant that the amylase was able to breakdown the starch present in the solution; when the solution remained blue-black the enzyme is said to be denature, meaning that it was not capable of breaking down the starch( Figure 2 and 3). The most important parameters taken into account to get the previous results were temperature and time. Looking at the color for the reaction between starch and amylase, by using the Iodine test, it can be concluded that for bacterial amylase, the optimal temperature is 40 Â °C, and this occurs around the 6 minute time. Fungal amylase optimum temperature was reached at 6 minutes time and it was 60 Â °C. All the previous result can be observed in Figure 2 and 3, as well as in Graph 1 to 5 Table 5 and 6 show that the results of the experiment are consistent for all lab groups, because the difference between the sample data collected by each individual group and the average of that data is minimal, showing that, the results collected by each group are close very close to be accurate. What parameters of the experimental design were important in the expected (or unexpected) results? The expectations for the experiment concurred with the results, because a previous understanding of enzymes was given in the lab manual, however, the optimal temperatures were not exactly known because each enzyme works best depending on its environment. For future research, the range in temperature should be more variable, not only including positive values, but negative ones. Also, if enzymes sources had more variation, it will provide a better understanding of the optimal conditions and temperature of enzymes. Literature Cited/ References: Alberte J., Pitzer T., Calero K. (2012).General Biology Lab Manual / Second Edition. Florida International University: The McGraw Hill Companies. Garcia-Viloca M., Gao J., Karplus M. Truhlar D. G.(2004). How Enzymes Work: Analysis by Modern Rate Theory and Computer stimulations. Science 303:pp. 186-195. Harisha S. (2006). Introduction to Practical Biotechnology. India: Laxmi Publications. Raven P., Johnson G. B., Mason K. A., Losos J. B., Singer S. S. (2008). Biology 8th edition. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies. Ringe D., Petsko G. A. (2008). How Enzymes Work. Science 320: pp. 1428. Whitehurst R. J., Van Oort M. (2009). Enzymes in Food Technology: Wiley-Blackwell; 2nd edition.

Arthur Schnitzler’s dream story Essay

The focal point of this paper is to discuss and evaluate Arthur Schnitzler’s ‘Dream Story’ in the light of the inevitability of the conflict between desire and social responsibility. The source text is the translation of the original German work ‘Traumnovelle’ by author Arthur Schnitzler. The translation is done by J. M. Q. Davies. Arthur Schnitzler was an Austrian doctor by profession and was a noted author of his time (1862- 1931). His noted works includes Dying, Lieutenant Gustl, Berta Garlan, Blind Geronimo and his Brother, The Prophecy, Casanova’s Homecoming, The Road into the Open, The Green Cockatoo, The Lonely Way, Countess Mizzi and Living Hours. Dream Story was written in 1926 and is regarded as a novella by the critics. It could be enumerated as a plot that ventures into the inner self of Doctor Fridolin and narrates the incidents from his psychological perspectives and the eventual transformation of his self. The entire episode is formulated over a relatively brief period of time spanning over a period of 48 hours. Within this short time span Arthur Schnitzler incorporates several characters that Doctor Fridolin meets and which the author imports to create a world of affairs that provides us a clue of the circumstances that are inevitable in the immediate future. This immediate future culminates into the development of a masquerade ball where the author culminates several events that are wondrous in nature with the presence of individuals in masks. There is a flurry of sex involved with the indication of danger where Doctor Fridolin finds himself to be placed as a total outsider. Everything in this episode is projected as a point of view that is seen from the perspective of Doctor Fridolin. This part appears to be presented predominantly as a metaphor of Doctor Fridolin’s inner self of desire and lust. This episode of masquerade ball adds to the mystery of self discovery of Doctor Fridolin. Here the self discovery of Doctor Fridolin could be enumerated as a decent into the abyss of his self image. This is also a transition of relations among people in a certain sense too where the outer world is found to be involved in the changes along with individual shift of priority of life and discovery of greater truth of nature within the parameters of social norms. This novella could also be depicted as a plethora of symbolism and imagery where a person revels himself to the audience and the inner self at the same time that is predominantly psychological in nature. Arthur Schnitzler was a friend and contemporary of the noted psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud of Vienna. However, these two men had opposite theories, if not different, on human sexuality. Arthur Schnitzler firmly believed that the course of action of human sexuality is dependent upon instinct than anything else. But despite all the differences it is evident that a heavy influence of Freud can be felt while going through the text. This is exactly what is reflected in his novella ‘Dream Story’. For an age of 1920’s it is obvious that his views along with this work was extremely shocking as a subject and its narration as the basic conceptualization of the novella is based on the sexual fantasy of a couple and the eventual defoliation of relation due to these fantasies. On the other hand this novella could also be taken up as an account of truth, permissible or not, that is juxtaposed within the system of marriage and self individuality. The storyline zooms in the intimate conversation of the primal characters Fridolin and his wife Albertine. They are basically quite affluent and respectable in Vienna. The wife is found to be an able home maker where the central position is occupied by their daughter who is six. The conversation takes off when the little girl is put to the bed. The subject of the conversation is about the masquerade ball that they attended. Initially the dialogues were kept into the parameters of the adventures of Fridolin and his wife Albertine in the mask ball. Soon, the conversation developed into the stage where they revealed to each other that if there was enough chances and coincidences along with favorable situations both of them would have been unfaithful to each other. For the man it was a fifteen year old girl and for the wife it was man with a yellow suitcase. Both of them wanted to take revenge on the other and before the dialogue was able to unfold into greater adversaries they were interrupted by an emergency call from a patient. The doctor had to leave. From this point the novella turns into an intermingled atmosphere of mystery, fantasy and fairy tale mode. Doctor Fridolin is approached by numerous women for sexual pleasure or otherwise and Doctor Fridolin passes from one woman to another and ultimately ending up into the midst of a masquerade ball where the password appeared to be â€Å"Denmark† and as his friend told him there would be lots of naked women. But there is problem with this secret society. If one is identified as an outsider there is sure to be trouble. Doctor Fridolin is soon traced out as an outsider but is saved by a mystery woman. Now the paradox of social responsibilities and desire completes a full circle as the author indicates indirectly the identity of this mystery woman. This is because there is every chance that this woman is Albertine, but with no specific proof for Doctor Fridolin. Thus the social responsibility of a wife towards her man is completed successfully by the mystery woman if the woman is indeed his wife. Now if the mystery woman is really his wife Doctor Fridolin has every reason to be cheated as she appeared in the orgy. But at the same time Doctor Fridolin himself had every intention to join the orgy. Thus the paradox continues. Either it is desire that is to be forecasted and relished by an individual or it is important to engage into the human spirit of social interest? The answer appears to be cleared by the author himself in a way, though not in a very vivid manner, as he puts the social relation between a man and a woman hanging without ramifying the norms of the society by a large extent. Doctor Fridolin is saved by Albertine and that seems to be the bottom line of the story where the man understands the value of social bondage after an outrageous adventure of inner self. Reference Schnitzler, Arthur; Dream Story; translated by J. M. Q. Davies; Penguin Books; 2005.

Case enron Essay

Enron faces most of the risk ordinarily faced by any energy company, including price instability and foreign currency risks. Enron operated in many different areas of the world with different regulatory and political risks. Enron faced business risks such as a complex business model, extensive use of derivatives and special purpose entities, aggressive transaction structuring and accounting, rapid expansion of business through complex and unconventional ventures, extensive reliance on credit rating, and limitations in GAAP. The complex nature of the business model of Enron increased the likelihood of material misstatements. It enabled the management to overstate its revenue while not disclosing the actual value of its debt. The risk of fraud by management was high. The transactions involving SPE’s essentially involved Enron receiving borrowed funds that were shown as revenue without recording liabilities. Also, the amount of misstatements was huge as Enron had hundreds of such SPE’s. Complex financial derivative transactions were used to hide enormous amounts of debt. Huge increases in borrowing were made to look like hedges for commodity trades rather than new debt financing. The network of SPE’s along with complicated speculations and hedges kept an enormous amount of debt off the balance sheet. The accounting standards were inadequate in providing for the proper accounting of these transactions. The loopholes in the standards were used to structure transactions in such a way that hundreds of SPE’s were excluded from consolidation. Also, the management took advantage of the complexity of accounting standards to shroud the actual economic substance of the transactions. Adequate disclosures with regard to related party involvement and securing outside SPE investors against possible losses were not made.

Life and Work of Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer was a British philosopher and sociologist who was intellectually active during the Victorian period. He was known for his contributions to evolutionary theory and for applying it outside of biology, to the fields of philosophy, psychology, and within sociology. In this work, he coined the term survival of the fittest.  In addition, he helped develop the functionalist perspective, one of the major theoretical frameworks in sociology. Early Life and Education Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, England on April 27, 1820. His father, William George Spencer, was a rebel of the times and cultivated in Herbert an anti-authoritarian attitude. George, as his father was known, was the founder of a school that used unconventional teaching methods and was a contemporary of Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles. George focused Herberts early education on science, and simultaneously, he was introduced to philosophical thinking through Georges membership in the Derby Philosophical Society. His uncle, Thomas Spencer, contributed to Herberts education by instructing him in mathematics, physics, Latin, and free-trade and libertarian political thinking. During the 1830s Spencer worked as a civil engineer while the railways were being constructed throughout Britain, but also spent time writing in radical local journals. Career and Later Life Spencers career became focused on intellectual matters in 1848  when he became an editor for  The Economist, the now widely-read weekly magazine that was first published in England in 1843. While working for the magazine through 1853, Spencer also wrote his first book,  Social Statics, and published it in 1851. Titled for a concept of August Comte, in this work, Spencer used Lamarcks ideas about evolution and applied them to society, suggesting that people adapt to the social conditions of their lives. Because of this, he argued, social order would follow, and so the rule of a political state would be unnecessary. The book was considered a work of libertarian political philosophy, but also, is what makes Spencer a founding thinker of the functionalist perspective within sociology. Spencers second book,  Principles of Psychology, was published in 1855 and made the argument that natural laws govern the human mind. At about this time, Spencer began to experience significant mental health problems that limited his ability to work, interact with others, and function in society. Despite this, he began work on a major undertaking, which culminated in the nine-volume  A System of Synthetic Philosophy. In this work, Spencer elaborated on how the principle of evolution had been applied within not only biology, but in psychology, sociology, and in the study of morality. Overall, this work suggests  that societies are organisms that progress through a process of evolution similar to that experienced by living species, a concept known to as social Darwinism. In the latter period of his life, Spencer was regarded as the greatest living philosopher of the time. He was able to live off of income from the sale of his books and other writing, and his works were translated into many languages and read all over the world. However, his life took a dark turn in the 1880s, when he switched positions on many of his well-known libertarian political views. Readers lost interest in his new work and Spencer found himself lonely as many of his contemporaries died. In 1902, Spencer received a nomination for the Nobel Prize for literature, but did not win it, and died in 1903 at the age of 83 years old. He was cremated and his ashes interred opposite the grave of Karl Marx in Highgate Cemetery in London. Major Publications Social Statics: The Conditions Essential to Human Happiness (1850)Education (1854)The Principles of Psychology (1855)The Principles of Sociology (1876-1896)The Data of Ethics (1884)The Man Versus the State (1884) Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.